| Arabic | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
BCC Words 1 | ||
| أَوْ | or | |
| باب،أَبْواب | door | |
| يا | hey (polite too) | |
| وَ | and | |
BCC Words 2 | ||
| سُكَّر | sugar | |
| أُسْرة،أُسَر | family | |
| سِتَّة،٦ | six (+ symbol) | |
| سُوريا | Syria | |
| يَكْتُب | he writes | |
| يَسار | left (vs right) | |
| بِسَبَب | on account of | on + reason |
| (كَـ)كَ | like, as (preposition) | |
BCC Words 3 | ||
| حَتَّى | until | Either from the root ح ت ت (ḥ-t-t) in the senses of "to scrape or rub off", "to remove or destroy", "to end something", "to drive back or repel"; or from the root ع ت ي (ʿ-t-y), meaning "to be excessive", "to push the limits or be at the threshold", "to be extremely old or at the extreme end of life" |
| رُوح،أَرْواح | spirit, soul | |
| شاي | tea | |
| الكُوَيْت | Kuwait | |
| حالي | present time, at the moment | |
| شَيْء،أَشْياء | thing, something | |
| السُّحور | last meal before sunrise in Ramadan | |
| لا | no | |
| شَراب | drink | |
| لا شَيْء | nothing (no thing) | |
BCC Words 4 | ||
| النّاس | people | |
| ثانَوي | secondary | |
| كَثيرًا | a lot, many, much, often | Root ك ث ر • (k-ṯ-r) "related to quantity". Adverbial accusative of كَثِير (kaṯīr, “many”). |
| كُنْت | I was | |
| أَخَذَ | he took, to begin (when followed by verb) | |
| ثَلاثة،۳ | three | |
| الآن (al-ʾān) | now | Definite accusative of آن (ʾān, “time”). |
| يَتَذَكَّر | he remembers | From Root ذ ك ر • (ḏ-k-r), related to remembrance and maleness. Cognate with Hebrew ז־כ־ר (z-k-r, “Related to remembrance and maleness”). Form V |
| أَثَر،آثار | trace, vestige, remainder | Related to verb أَثَّرَ • (ʾaṯṯara) "to influence". Also آثَرَ • (ʾāṯara) IV "to prefer". |
| ذَكي،أَذْكياء | intelligent | Informal form of ذَكِيّ. From the roots ذ ك و (ḏ-k-w) and ذ ك ي (ḏ-k-y); compare ذَكِيَ (ḏakiya, “to be intelligent”). |
| حَيْثُ | where (not in question) | |
| لِذَلِك | so, thus, for this reason, therefore | "for that". Compare كَذٰلِك "as well, likewise, also" in MA Unit 4 |
BCC Words 5 | ||
| ثَلْج | ice or snow | |
| رَجُل،رِجال | man | |
| مَن؟ | who? | |
| حمام | pigeon | |
| مِن،مِن ال | from | |
| خِلال | during | |
| ماء | water | |
| وَحيد،وَحيدة | alone, lonely | |
| كَلِمة،كَلِمات | word | |
| أُخْت،أَخَوات | sister | |
| جَميل،جَميلة | beautiful | |
| آخِر | the last | |
| حَمَّام،حَمَّامَات | bathroom | Also- bathhouse; spa; watering hole; swimming pool. From the root ح م م (ḥ-m-m); related to heating. |
BCC Words 6 | ||
| بارِد | cold | |
| جَزيرة،جُزُر | island | |
| خُبْز | bread | |
| دَرْس | lesson | |
| دَجاج | chicken | |
| دُكْتور،دُكْتورة | doctor | |
| قَبْلَ | before, prior to | See MA Unit 13 |
| قَريب،أَقارِب | kinsman, relative(s), also close (vs far) | |
| زَوْج،زَوْجة | husband, wife - also, one of a pair | |
| قَليلاً | a little, a little bit (adv) | |
| قَلَم | pen, pencil | |
| ميزة،ميزات | positive distinguishing feature or quality | |
BCC Words 7 | ||
| العَمَل | work (synonym 1) | |
| الشُّغْل | work (synonym 2) | |
| المَغْرِب | Morocco ("the west") | |
| دَفْتَر،دَفاتِر | notebook | From Middle Persian dptl (daftar), from Aramaic דפתרא / ܕܦܬܪܐ, from Ancient Greek διφθέρα (diphthéra) "prepared hide, piece of leather; especially as writing material". The name of the disease "diphtheria" describes the appearance of leathery pseudomembrane in the throat. The Greek διφθέρα (diphthéra) is also the root of the English word "letter". |
| سَعيد،سَعيدة | happy | |
| كَيْفَ؟ | how? | |
| لا أَعْرِف | "I don't know" | |
| لُغة | language | |
| مَعَ،مَعَ ال | with, together with, accompanied by, in the company of | |
| عَرَبِيّ،عَرَبيَّة | Arab/Arabic | |
| غُرْفة،غُرَف | room | |
| فِلوس | money | WK has Arabic فُلُوس • (fulūs) plural of فلس - A small amount of money. No entry for فلس except Persian "flake, scale". Hijazi Arabic is فلوس • (fulūs, filūs) "money". WP says- The fils (Arabic alphabet- فلس) is a subdivision of currency used in many Arab countries, such as Iraq and Bahrain. The term is a modern retranscription of fals, an early medieval Arab coin. ... The plural form of fils is fulūs (فلوس); the latter term can also refer to small amounts of money or to money in general in Egyptian Arabic and many other varieties of Arabic. |
| في،في ال | in, in the | |
BCC Words 8 | ||
| أَهْلًا وَسَهْلًا | Greetings! Welcome! | |
| سَهْل،سَهْلة | easy | |
| جاهِز،جاهِزة | ready | |
| صِفْر،۰ | zero | |
| الشَّرْق الأَوْسَط | The Middle East | |
| صَباح | morning | |
| طَيِّب،طَيِّبَة | nice, also tasty (food), good-hearted people | |
| فَصْل،فُصول | class, classroom; also, anything divided into parts; season of year, chapter, paragraph, division | |
| طَويل،طَويلة | long; tall | |
| قِطَّة،قِطَط | cat | |
| قَهْوة عَرَبيّة | Arabic coffee | |
| هذا،هذِهِ (haadhaa,haadhihi) | this | |
BCC Words 9 | ||
| سَنَة،سَنَوات | year | |
| نَهْضَة | rebirth, Renaissance | |
| عُنْوان | address, title of book | |
| مَظْهَر،مَظاهِر | appearance, view, how things look, (pl.) manifestation | |
| والِدة،والِدَتي | mother (formal), my mother | |
| أَخْضَر | green | |
| مُعْظَم،مُعْظَم ال | most of | Root ع ظ م • (ʿ-ẓ-m) "related to greatness" |
| وَلَد،أَوْلاد | child, boy, son | |
| أَحْفَظ | I memorize | From the root ح ف ظ (ḥ-f-ẓ) "forms words relating to guardianship, protection; preservation, conservation, maintenance; memorization". Compare حَافِظ • (ḥāfiẓ) "hafiz (one who knows the Qur'an by heart)" |
| بَعْد الظُّهْر | afternoon | after + noon |
| بَيْض | eggs | From Proto-Semitic *bayṣ̂-; compare Classical Syriac ܒܝܥܬܐ (bêʿṯāʾ), Hebrew בֵּיצָה (bêṣâ). From the root ب ي ض (b-y-ḍ). Same root as أَبْيَض • (ʾabyaḍ) "white" |
| مَريض،مَريضة | sick | |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 1 | ||
| بِنْت | girl, daughter | |
| بَيْت | house | |
| بُنّ | coffee beans | |
| بَيْنَ | between | |
| تِبْن | hay | |
| تِين | figs | |
| أَهْلًا | hello | Meaning "familiarly" |
| أَهْلًا وَسَهْلًا | hello and welcome | "Familiarly and easily" |
| أَهْلًا بِك/بِكِ | hello to you | بِك = بِ + ك, "with + you (suffix)" |
| صَباح الخَير | good morning | Literally "the morning is good" |
| صَباح النُّور | good morning (reply) | "Morning of light" |
| مَساء الخَير | good evening/afternoon | |
| مَساء النُّور | good evening/afternoon (reply) | |
| مَعَ ٱلسَّلَامَة | goodbye | Literally "with peace" |
| سَهْل | easy | |
| خَيْر | good, goodness, charity | From the root خ ي ر (ḵ-y-r). Related to "goodness; choice or selection" |
| بِخَيْرٍ | well, fine, okay, good | Literally "with + good" |
| نُّور | light | نُور • (nūr) m (plural أَنْوَار (ʾanwār)) "light, ray of light, light beam; brightness, gleam, glow; illumination; lamp, light, lantern; headlight" |
| سَلَام | peace | "Peace", verbal noun of سَلِمَ (salima), "to be safe, well, free" |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 2 | ||
| أَنا | I | |
| أَنْتِ | you (female) | |
| أَنْتَ | you (male) | |
| وَ | and | |
| أَنا اِسمي... | my name's ... | |
| تَشَرَّفنا | pleased to meet you | First person plural past tense of تَشَرَّفَ (tašarrafa, “to be ennobled, honored”)- “we are honored”. From the root ش ر ف (š-r-f). "related to honor, nobility and height" |
| كَيْف الحال | how are you | Literally "how is the condition" |
| الحَمدُ للّه | fine, thanks (reply to how are you) | |
| حَال | condition, state, situation | From the root ح و ل (ḥ-w-l)? "forms words relating to change". Compare حالي "present time" |
| اِسْم | name | Familiar from first words of Qur'an, "بسم الله" (bismillah) "In the name of God" |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 3 | ||
| أَب | father | |
| اِبْن | son | |
| أَخ | brother | |
| أُخت | sister | |
| أُمّ | mother | |
| زَوْج | husband | |
| زَوْجَة | wife | |
| مَن؟ | who? | |
| هٰذَا | this (masc.) | |
| هٰذِهِ | this (fem.) | |
| هُوَ | he (and it, masc.) | |
| هِيَ | she (and it, fem.) | |
| أَنا أَسْكُن في | I live in ... | |
| زُجاجَة | bottle | |
| جَريدَة | newspaper | From the root ج ر د (j-r-d). "related to husks and their dehusking". Conjugates "bald; shears; nudity; husk; javelin, defoliated palm; peeled". Not to be confused with جَديد |
| خَيْمَة | tent | |
| نَهْر | river | |
| حِمار | donkey | |
| دَجاجَة | hen/chicken | |
| مَدينَة | city | |
| مَن | who? | |
| مَعَ | with | |
| قطأر | train | Workbook p. 17. Also "row; row of camels". From the root ق ط ر (q-ṭ-r). |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 4 | ||
| خَبَّاز | baker | |
| طالِب | student | Derived from the active participle of طَلَبَ (ṭalaba, “to seek, to request, etc.”), from the root ط ل ب (ṭ-l-b). Conjugate with Pashto "Taliban" ("students") |
| عَمَل | work | |
| مُحَاسِب | accountant | |
| مُدَرَّس | teacher | |
| مُصَوِّر | photographer | Derived from the active participle of صَوَّرَ (ṣawwara, "to photograph, to depict"), from the root ص و ر (ṣ-w-r), see صُورَة (ṣūra, "form, image"). Not to be confused with سُورَة "chapter of qur'an" |
| مُمَرِّضَة | nurse | |
| مُهَنْدِس | engineer | |
| نَجَّار | carpenter | |
| نَحْنُ | we | |
| هُمْ | they (masc.) | |
| هُنَّ | they (fem.) | |
| تِلْميذ | pupil | Also "disciple; apprentice; Disciple (Christianity)". From Hebrew תַּלְמִיד (talmīḏ) or Aramaic תַּלְמִידָא (talmīḏā). |
| تَنِس | tennis | |
| باص | bus | |
| سينِما | cinema | |
| بيتْزا | pizza | |
| شُورْت | shorts | |
| بُورْجَر | burger | |
| ما عَمَلَِك | what's your job? (to a man/woman) | |
| أَيْنَ عَمَلَِك | where's your job? (to a man/woman) | |
| أَنا أَعْمَل في... | I work in ... | |
| مَكْتَب | an office | |
| مَطْعَم | a restaurant | From the root ط ع م (ṭ-ʿ-m). Compare طَعَام (ṭaʿām) "food, meal; wheat; grain". Not to be confused with مُعْظَم "most of" |
| أنا أَدْرُس في... | I study in ... | |
| جَامِعَة... (jāmiʿat) | the University of ... | From root ج م ع (j-m-ʿ) "related to gathering or collecting". جَامِعَة • (jāmiʿa) f (plural جَامِعَات (jāmiʿāt)) "university, academy" |
| مَدْرَسَة قي | a school in ... | |
| كَذٰلِك | as well, likewise, also | From كَـ (ka-) "like, as" + ذٰلِكَ (ḏālika) "that". Compare لِذٰلِكَ "so, therefore" (in BCC workbook words, but not on WK) |
| ما شاءَ اللّه | Wonderful! | "God has willed" |
| ما | what?, some, that which, whatever; not; as long as; whenever, as far as; how...! | Not to be confused with مَاء (māʾ, “water”) |
| شَاءَ | he willed | شَاءَ • (šāʾa) - From the root ش ي ء (š-y-ʾ). |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 5 | ||
| ثَقيل | heavy | |
| جَديد | new | |
| جَميل | beautiful | |
| حَقيبة | bag | |
| خاتِم | ring | |
| خَفيف | light (weight) | |
| دَرَّاجة | bicycle | |
| سَيَّارة | car | |
| قَديم | old | |
| قَلَم | pen | |
| كِتاب | book | |
| كَلْب | dog | |
| مِفْتاح | key | |
| قَميص | shirt | |
| وَلَد | boy | |
| قَبيح | ugly | |
| مَكْسور | broken | Derived from the passive participle of كَسَرَ (kasara, “to break”), from the root ك س ر (k-s-r). |
| سَليم | whole/unbroken | Also means "safe, secure, healthy, free (from, with مِن (min))". Root س ل م • (s-l-m) related to safety, security; peace; submission; surrender |
| أَسْوَد | black | |
| أبْيَض | white | |
| ...ـي | my (suffix) | |
| ...ـكَ (-ka, informal -ak) | your (masc.) (suffix) | |
| ...ـكِ (-ki, informal -ik) | your (fem.) (suffix) | |
| ...ـهُ (-hu, informal -uh) | his (suffix) | |
| ...ـها | her (suffix) | |
| ما اِسمك؟ (mā ismak/mā ismik) | what's your name? (to a male/female) | |
| مُمْكِن | may I have ...? | "possible". Derived from the active participle of أَمْكَنَ (ʾamkana, “to be possible”), from the root م ك ن (m-k-n). |
| أُريد ... | I'd like ... | From the root ر و د (r-w-d). Declension of أَرَادَ • (ʾarāda) "to want, will" |
| كُسْكُس | couscous | |
| دَجاج | chicken | |
| مِن فَضْلَك/مِن فَضْلِك | please (to a male/female, informal endings) | "From your bounty" |
| شُكْرًا | thank you | |
| تَفَضَّل/تَفَضَّلي | here you are (to a male/female) | Root ف ض ل • (f-ḍ-l) Related to surplus, excess (see "please"). تَفَضَّلَ • (tafaḍḍala) "to have the kindness of; be so kind; deign, condescend" |
| مَا ٱسْمُكَ؟/مَا ٱسْمُكِ؟ | what's your name? (to a male/female) (less colloquial) | The textbook has ما اِسمَك; this is copied from Wiktionary. The waSla means it is pronounced "ma smuka?" etc. |
| البائ | seller | Workbook p. 25 (and p. 45). Compare بَاعَ / يَبِيعُ "to sell" |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 6 | ||
| باب | door | |
| سَرير | bed | |
| شُبَّاك | window | |
| كُرْسيّ | chair | |
| مائِدَة | table | |
| مَرْكَب | boat | |
| نَهْر | river | |
| في | in | |
| عَلَى | on | |
| فَوْقَ | above | |
| تَحْتَ | below | |
| بِجانِب | beside | |
| بَيْنَ | between | |
| هَلْ...؟ | question marker | |
| نَعَم | yes | |
| لا | no | |
| أَيْنَ...؟ | where? | |
| مُدَوَّنَة | blog/journal | Nominalized feminine passive participle from the verb دَوَّنَ (dawwana, “to record, to write down”); literally "something written down". short academic article, piece of writing in a journal, a blog |
| صورَة | picture/photo | |
| تِليفِزْيون | television | |
| خَزانَة | cupboard | WK has خِزَانَة • (ḵizāna). From the root خ ز ن (ḵ-z-n) related with storing and concealing. |
| قَمْرَة | cabin; berth; bunk | From Italian camera "room, chamber", from Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára) "Anything with an arched cover such as a covered carriage or boat, a vaulted chamber, or a vault." |
| المتر | maitre d' | Workbook p. 29 |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 7 | ||
| شارِع | street | |
| شَجَر | trees | |
| شَقّة | apartment | Plural شُقَق (šuqaq) or شِقَّات (šiqqāt). From the root ش ق ق (š-q-q). See also شِقَّة • (šiqqa) f (plural شِقَق (šiqaq) or شِقَاق (šiqāq)) meaning "half, moiety; piece of land" |
| صَغير | small | |
| طَويل | long/tall | |
| غُرْفة | room | |
| قَصير | short | |
| كَبير | big | |
| مَدْرَسة | school | |
| مَدينة | town/city | |
| مُسْتَشْفَى | hospital | Noun of place in the form of the passive participle of the verb اِسْتَشْفَى (istašfā, “to seek a cure”); literally "place for seeking a cure". From the root ش ف ي (š-f-y). |
| مَصْنَع | factory | Noun of place from the verb صَنَعَ (ṣanaʿa, “to manufacture”), from the root ص ن ع (ṣ-n-ʿ). |
| يَسار | left | From the root ي س ر (y-s-r), "related to being easy" |
| يَمين | right | Also "right hand". Shares root with أَيْمَن • (ʾayman) "right, right hand; lucky" (which has the form of an elative of يَمِين) also a male given name, and اَلْيَمَن • (al-yaman) "Yemen" |
| بَنْك | bank | |
| هُناكَ | there is/are | Adverb "there" |
| لَيْسَ هُناكَ | there isn't/aren't | لَيْسَ • (laysa) means "not to be, not to exist, there is not" |
| شُرْفة | balcony | From the root ش ر ف (š-r-f) "related to honor, nobility and height". Recall تَشَرَّفنا "pleased to meet you" |
| نَخْل | palm trees | No root in WK |
| وَسَط | center | |
| أَمامَ | in front of | From the root ء م م (ʾ-m-m). Related to "Imam", via sense "lead" |
| وَلٰكَن | but | From لٰكِنْ, root ل ك ن (l-k-n) meaning broken speech |
| ضَعيف | weak | From the root ض ع ف. Different root from "Idafa construction" |
| قَوِيّ | strong | |
| قَريب (مِن) | near (to) | Also means "simple, easily understood". From the root ق ر ب (q-r-b); compare قَرُبَ (qaruba, “to be near”). |
| عَلَى طول | straight on | also "along"? |
| خُذ/خُذي... | Take ... | خُذْ • (ḵuḏ) (form I) second-person masculine singular active imperative of أَخَذَ (ʾaḵaḏa) "take, get, grab, perceive, grip, adopt, captivate, urge, blame, obligate, learn, set out to". From root ء خ ذ (ʾ-ḵ-ḏ), Related to taking, to grabbing |
| أَوَّل شارِع | the first street | |
| ثاني شارِع | the second street | |
| طُول | length | Verbal noun of طَالَ (ṭāla) (form I), "to be tall or long, to surpass in length or tallness". From the root ط و ل (ṭ-w-l); compare طَوِيل (ṭawīl, “long”). |
| حَيّ | neighbourhood; anything that has life | Used in video, linked p. 91 |
| وَرْدَة | rose | Workbook, p. 32 |
| ذُبَابَة | fly (insect) | Workbook, p. 32 |
| رَجُل | man | Workbook, p. 33 |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 8 | ||
| المُوَظّف | hotel employee | From workbook p. 37. "Employee; dignitary; civil servant" |
| الكافيتريا | cafeteria | From workbook p. 37 |
| إنترنت | Internet | Workbook, p. 37 |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 9 | ||
| ليبْيا/ليبيّ | Libya/Libyan | |
| مِصْر/مِصْريّ | Egypt/Egyptian | |
| سورِيا/سوريّ | Syria/Syrian | |
| العِرَاق/عِراقيّ | Iraq/Iraqi | |
| السَّعوديّة/سَعوديّ | Saudi (arabia)/Saudi | |
| أمْريكا/أمْريكيّ | America/American | |
| اِنجِلْتَرا/اِنْجِلتزيّ | England/English | |
| جِنْسِيَّة | nationality, citizenship | |
| جَنوب | south | From ج ن ب (j-n-b) with the base stem meaning “to go aside”, “to go far off in a direction”, ”to remove to a distance”, “to be remote”, “to change” or “to veer”, “to take off one's clothes” or “to lay them aside”. The direction originates as the name of a positively-viewed warm-moist southerly wind, the humid weather allowing clothes to be laid aside, whereas شِمَال (šimāl, “north”) comes from a root ش م ل (š-m-l) with the meaning “bundling up” or “wrapping up” because that wind by contrast necessitated wrapping up clothes. Also see Canopus (Canopus), and سُهَيْل (suhayl, “Canopus”). |
| شَرْق | east | Also "sunrise" |
| شَمال | north | From the root ش م ل (š-m-l) meaning “to be leftward” – the north direction being the left-hand side facing the sunrise. Additionally it is relatable to the root meaning “to bundle” or “to wrap”, as the cold northern wind necessitated wrapping up with clothes, contrasting with جَنُوب (janūb, “south”) from the root ج ن ب (j-n-b) meaning “changing”, “laying aside” clothes, the warm southern wind allowing to put off clothes. |
| غَرْب | west | Also "sunset". Related غَرَبَ • (ḡaraba) "to go away, depart, withdraw, leave". |
| الشَّرْق الأَوْسَط | The Middle East | |
| السُّودان/سُودانيّ | Sudan/Sudanese | |
| لُبنْان/لُبْنانيّ | Lebanon/Lebanese | |
| الأُرْدُنّ/أُردُنيّ | Jordan/Jordanian | |
| عُمان/عُمانيّ | Oman/Omani | |
| اليَمَن/يَمَنيّ | Yemen/Yemeni | |
| الصِّين/صينيّ | China/Chinese | |
| روسْيا/روسيّ | Russia/Russian | |
| اليابان/يابانيّ | Japan/Japanese | |
| فَرَنْسا/فَرَنْسيّ | France/French | |
| أَلْمانيا/أَلْمانيّ | Germany/German | |
| أَسْبانيا/أَسْبانيّ | Spain/Spanish | |
| إيطالْيا/إيطاليّ | Italy/Italian | |
| عاصِمة | capital (city) | |
| دَوْلَة | country, state | |
| مِهْنة | profession | |
| طَبيب | doctor | |
| أَنْتُمْ | you (plural) | |
| مِنْ | from | |
| نِيُويُورْك | New York | Workbook p. 38 |
| لَنْدَن | London | Workbook p. 38 |
| بَارِيس | Paris | Workbook p. 40 |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 10 | ||
| تُفَّاح | apples | |
| بُرْتُقَال | oranges | |
| مَوْز | bananas | |
| سوق/أَسْوَاق | market | |
| طَبَق/أَطْبَاق | plate | |
| ذَهَب | gold | |
| فِضّة | silver | |
| قُطْن | cotton | |
| صِفْر | zero | |
| واحِد | one | |
| اِثْنان | two | |
| ثَلاثَة | three | |
| أرْبَعَة | four | From the root ر ب ع (r-b-ʿ). Compare رُبُع or رُبْع "one fourth, one quarter; quarter (area or region)", رَبِيع "spring (season)" |
| خَمْسَة | five | |
| سِتَّة | six | |
| سَبْعَة | seven | |
| ثَمانِيَة | eight | |
| تِسْعَة | nine | |
| عَشَرَة | ten | |
| كَمْ؟ | how many? | |
| تِليفون | telephone | |
| رَقْم تِليفون | telephone number | |
| عُنْوان | address | |
| بِكَمْ؟ | how much? | |
| جُنَيْه | Pound | |
| رِيال | Riyal | |
| دينار | Dinar | |
| ليرة | Lira | |
| دِرْهَم | Dirham | |
| كيلو | kilo | |
| طَماطِم | tomatoes | |
| بَطاطِس | potatoes | |
| مَنْجَة | mangoes | |
| صَنْدَل | sandals | |
| طَبْلة | drum | |
| قِلادة | necklace | |
| سَلّة | basket | |
| تي–شيرت | T-shirt | |
| نُحاس | copper | |
| خَشَب | wood | |
| جِلْد | leather | |
| زُجاج | glass (material) | |
| حَرير | silk | |
| كَمْبْيُوتَر | computer | Used Wiktionary diacritics, as textbook lacked some |
| كِبْريت | matches | |
| بالونات | balloons | |
| رَقْم | numeral, number, figure, rate, (sports) record | From the root ر ق م (r-q-m) meaning "to engrave", "to imprint or impress", "to tag or label", "to mark". Compare تَرْقِيم "punctuation, pointing" |
| كيس | bag to take away purchases | Defined on p. 130 |
| عِنْدَ | at (prep. for "have") | Defined on p. 128 |
| مَعَ | with (prep. for "have") | Defined on p. 128 |
| لِـ | to (prep. for "have") | Defined on p. 128 |
| نِصْف | half or middle | used in textbook p. 155 but defined where? .. also نُصْف |
| رُبُع | one fourth, one quarter | Also رُبْع. Used on workbook p. 50 (Unit 12) |
| ثُلُث | one third | also ثُلْث |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 11 | ||
| قَلْب(قُلوب) | heart/hearts | |
| كوب(أَكْواب) | glass, tumbler | |
| لَوْن(أَلْوان) | color | |
| أَبْيَض(بَيْضَاء) | white | |
| أَسْوَد(سَوْدَاء) | black | |
| أَخْضَر(خَضْرَاء) | green | |
| أَحْمَر(حَمْرَاء) | red | |
| أَزْرَق(زَرْقَاء) | blue | |
| أَصْفَر(صَفْراَء) | yellow | Root ص ف ر • (ṣ-f-r) Related to emptiness; related to the color yellow, the color of dead herbage. Unrelated to saffron زَعْفَرَان • (zaʿfarān) "with golden leaves". Cognates - second month of Islamic calendar, صَفَر; empty, void, vacant, evacuate, zero (صِفْر), brass, money, jaundice, whistle, hiss, chirp, stridulate, scream (of a siren) |
| صَاحِب(أصْحَاب) | friend/owner | |
| سوق(أسْواق) | market | |
| سِعْر(أَسْعار) | price | |
| فيلم(أَفْلام) | film | |
| وَقْت(أَوْقات) | time | |
| عام(أَعْوام) | year | |
| عَلَم(أَعْلام) | flag | Also "sign, token, authority, luminary, proper noun". Perhaps related to عِلْم • (ʿilm) m (plural عُلُوم (ʿulūm)) "knowledge, learning, information, (when in plural form) science" ?? (different plural pattern though) |
| شَكل(أشْكال) | shape, likeness | |
| سَيْف(سُيوف) | sword | |
| مَلِك(مُلوك) | king | |
| شَيْخ(شُيوخ) | sheikh | |
| شَمعة(شُموع) | candle | |
| حَفْلة(حَفْلات) | party | Also "gathering, meeting, assembly; party, celebration; show, performance; festival; concert". From the root ح ف ل (ḥ-f-l) |
| طَبَق(أَطْباق) | plate | |
| كيس(أَكْياس) | bag (plastic, etc.), sack | |
| قُبَّعَة(قُبَّعَات) | hat | Also "cap, hood, cowl". From Classical Syriac ܩܘܒܥܐ (qūḇᵊʿā, “hood”), from Western Aramaic קובעא (kōḇᵊʿā), cognate with Hebrew כּוֹבַע (kóḇaʿ), קּוֹבַע (kóḇaʿ, “helmet; turban”), while Ge'ez ቆብዕ (ḳobʿ, “hood, cap”) is also from Aramaic. Supposedly cognate with Ancient Greek κεφαλή (kephalḗ), Latin caput |
| سِرْوال(سَراويل) | trousers | No etym on WK |
| حِذاء(أَحْذِية) | shoe | WK says "leather boot or shoe". No etymology found |
| كولا | cola | |
| بَلاَسْتيك | plastic | |
| وَرَق | paper | |
| مَوْقِع | [web]site | also position, place, spot, location, venue; time, date (e.g. website, parking space). Noun of place, from the verb وَقَعَ (waqaʿa, “to fall, to drop, to come to pass, to occur”). |
| رائِع | great | |
| أَفْضَل | best | |
| أَيّ(أَيَّة) | which?/any (+ fem) | |
| كُلّ | all/every | |
| حَتَّى | until | Either from the root ح ت ت (ḥ-t-t) in the senses of "to scrape or rub off", "to remove or destroy", "to end something", "to drive back or repel"; or from the root ع ت ي (ʿ-t-y), meaning "to be excessive", "to push the limits or be at the threshold", "to be extremely old or at the extreme end of life" |
| هٰؤُلَاءِ | these (m,f) (for people only) | |
| حاضِر | certainly | More accurately translated as "present, before the eyes, ready (also applied to money)". Derived from the active participle of حَضَرَ (ḥaḍara, “to be present, to be settled”), from the root ح ض ر (ḥ-ḍ-r). |
| أُفَضِّل | I prefer | |
| أصْحَابي | my friends | Example declension from workbook p. 52 |
| نَعْل(نِعَال) | light shoe, sandal, flip-flop; sole; horseshoe | Alternative plural- أَنْعُل. Verbal noun of نَعَلَ (naʿala) "to sole, to shoe". From the root ن ع ل (n-ʿ-l). Compare for the “shoe” noun Classical Syriac ܢܥܠܐ (naʿlā), Hebrew נַעַל (náʿal) |
| أُولٰئِكَ | those | |
| رِيَاضَة | sport, mathematics | Used on p. 146. From root ر و ض (r-w-ḍ). Related to رِيَاضِيَّات which means "mathematics" |
| الإنترنت | Internet | Used on p. 146. Also إِنْتِرْنِت or إِنْتَرْنَت or إِنْتَرْنِت. Borrowed from English |
| بابا | papa, daddy, father (colloquial) | workbook p. 48 |
| ماما | mommy, mama (colloquial, dialectal) | workbook p. 48 |
| كِتابَة | writing | workbook, p. 48 |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 12 | ||
| بَقَّال | grocer | Also "innkeeper; oil merchant; greengrocer". Occupational noun from the root ب ق ل (b-q-l) of بَقْل (baql, “vegetables, greens”). |
| جُبْنَة | cheese | |
| حَليب | milk | |
| بَيْض | eggs | |
| زَيْت | oil | |
| خُبْز | bread | |
| عَصِير | juice | |
| أَرُزّ | rice | |
| سُكَّر | sugar | |
| لَحْم | meat | |
| سَمَك | fish | |
| شاي | tea | |
| قَهُوَة | coffee | |
| بارِد | cold | |
| أَنا [لا] أُحِبّ | I [don't] like | From أَحَبَّ • (ʾaḥabba) IV, non-past يُحِبُّ (yuḥibbu) 1. to love, to like. Root ح ب ب • (ḥ-b-b) 1. forms words relating to love, affection, focus, attention, captivation and personal preferences 2. forms words relating to seeds |
| حِساب(حِسابات) | bill/account | |
| مَطْعَم(مَطاعِم) | restaurant | Related- طَعَام (ṭaʿām, “food”), طَعْم (ṭaʿm, “taste”) |
| مَكْتَب(مَكاتِب) | office, desk | Not to be confused with مِكْتاب "printer", مَكْتُوب "letter" |
| مَتْحَف/مَتاحِف | museum | Noun of place from the root ت ح ف (t-ḥ-f) of تُحْفَة (tuḥfa, “gift, rarity, work of art, masterpiece”). |
| طَعام | food | |
| مَكَرونَة | macaroni | |
| بَسْكَوِيت | biscuits | |
| كَعْك | cake | |
| مَسْحوق الغَسيل | washing powder | |
| مَعْجون الأَسْنان | toothpaste | From مَعْجُون "paste, cream, putty" + pl of سِنّ "teeth" |
| صابون | soap | From Latin sāpōnem, accusative of sāpō, from Proto-Germanic *saipǭ. |
| شامْبو | shampoo | |
| أُنْبُوبَة | tube | Also "pipe, nozzle". From Classical Syriac ܐܰܒܽܘܒܬܳܐ (ʾabbūbtā, “flute; pipe”), from Akkadian (ebbūbu, “flute”). |
| قِطْعَة | piece | Also part, portion, segment, coin. From the root ق ط ع (q-ṭ-ʿ); compare قَطَعَ (qaṭaʿa, “to cut”). ق ط ع • (q-ṭ-ʿ) 1. Related to cut and separate |
| دَجاج | chicken | |
| حَمام | pigeons/pigeon meat | |
| بَصَل | onions | |
| خَضْرَوات | vegetables | |
| فَاكِهَة(فَوَاكِه) | fruit | No WK etym. MA doesn't give singular in vocab |
| بَطاطِس مُحَمَرَّة | chips/fries | |
| كَباب | kebab | |
| سَلَطَة(سَلَطَات) | salad | |
| حَلَوِيّات | desserts | |
| آيس كْرِيم | ice-cream | |
| لَوْز | almonds | |
| وَرْد | roses | |
| شَهيّ | delicious | |
| مَقْليّ | fried | From قَلَا "to fry, to bake, to roast" |
| مَشْوِيّ | grilled | From شَوَى "to fry, to grill". From the root ش و ي (š-w-y). |
| قي الفُرْن | in the oven/roasted | |
| مُفَضَّل | favourite | |
| جَرسون | waiter | |
| تَحت أَمْرَك/أَمْرِك | at your service (to a man/woman) | "under your command"; "under" + your + أَمْر • (ʾamr) m (plural أَوَامِر (ʾawāmir)) 1. verbal noun of أَمَرَ (ʾamara) (form I) 2. order, command, instruction 3. ordinance, decree 4. power, authority 5. (grammar) imperative. Not to be confused with "Americanize" أَمْرَكَ ʾamraka. (not in WK phrasebook) |
| يا مَدام | Madam | |
| يا سَيِّدي | Sir | |
| أَعْطِني | give me | From the root ع ط و (ʿ-ṭ-w). Possessive suffix? with أَعْطَى "(ditransitive) to give" |
| آخُذ | I'll have/I'll take | |
| هَلْ تُجَرِّب؟ | will you try? | تُجَرِّبْ is jussive of جَرَّبَ, "to experience, test, probe"? |
| اللّه يُسَلِّمَِك | "May God keep you safe" | added Damma |
| خِدْمَة(خِدْمَات) | service | Also "office; official duty; work; present to a king or superior, gift of homage". From the root خ د م (ḵ-d-m); compare خَدَمَ (ḵadama, “to serve”). |
| مَجْموع(مَجموعات) | total | Also "sum, crowd". Derived from the passive participle of جَمَعَ (jamaʿa, “to unite, to reconcile”), from the root ج م ع (j-m-ʿ). From the root ج م ع • (j-m-ʿ) 1. related to gathering or collecting |
| مَجْلِس(مَجالِس) | sitting area, council | From جَلَسَ • (jalasa) I, non-past يَجْلِسُ (yajlisu) 1. to sit. From the root ج ل س (j-l-s) |
| مَلْعَب(مَلاعِب) | playground, court, stadium | |
| مَعْرَض(مَعارِض) | exhibition | |
| مَجْبَز(مَخابِز) | bakery | |
| مَطْبَخ(مَطابِخ) | kitchen | Noun of place from the verb طَبَخَ (ṭabaḵa, “to cook”), from the root ط ب خ (ṭ-b-ḵ)- literally, “place for cooking”. |
| مَدْخَل(مَداخِل) | entrance | Also "vestibule, door, influence, interference, complicity, way of acting, revenue, income". Noun of place from the verb دَخَلَ (daḵala, “to enter”), from the root د خ ل (d-ḵ-l). |
| مَخْرَج(مَخارِج) | exit | |
| مَسْجِد(مَساجِد) | mosque | |
| مَغْسَلَة(مَغاسِل) | laundry | Also washbasin, washstand. Noun of place from غَسَلَ • (ḡasala) I "to wash". From the root غ س ل (ḡ-s-l) "related to washing". |
| زَيْتُون | olive | Workbook p. 52 |
| زَيْت الزَيْتُون | olive oil | Workbook p. 52 |
| مَسْحُوق | powder | Not in WK |
| عُلْبَة | box, packet, tin, carton | From the root ع ل ب (ʿ-l-b). |
| مَعْجُون | paste, cream, putty | Derived from the passive participle of عَجَنَ (ʿajana, “to knead”), from the root ع ج ن (ʿ-j-n). |
| سِنّ (أَسْنَان) | tooth, point, spearhead, age, cog or sprocket | Alternative plurals- سِنّ (sinn) f (plural أَسْنَان (ʾasnān) or أَسِنَّة (ʾasinna) or أَسُنّ (ʾasunn)). From Proto-Semitic *šinn- "tooth", compare Hebrew שֵׁן • (shén) "tooth" |
| خُضْرَة(خُضَر) | greenness; green plant, vegetable; softness | From the root خ ض ر (ḵ-ḍ-r); compare أَخْضَر (ʾaḵḍar, “green”) |
| مُحَمَّر | roasted | From Hans Wehr; no Arabic WK entry. WK English entry says meaning "reddened". Same root as "red". |
| حُبّ | love, affection, attachment | Used in workbook, p. 52. Verbal noun of حَبَّ (ḥabba) "to love, to like; to give focus, to give attention" |
| دَخَلَ / يَدْخُلُ | to enter | Also "to penetrate; to seize; to take up (a profession)" |
| خَرَجَ / يَخْرُجُ | to exit | For مَخْرَج. Also in Unit 13, 16 |
| مَشْرُوب | drink, beverage | Used on p. 158 |
| بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ | after that | Used on p. 158 |
| طَعْم(طُعُوم) | taste, flavor | Used on p. 158. Verbal noun of طَعِمَ (ṭaʿima) "to degust, to taste". |
| بِـ | with, by (a means); with (a component); with (a quality); in (a state); with, to, at (concerning) | Used on p. 158 |
| فانيلْيا or فانيلا | vanilla | Used on p. 158 |
| حَلَوياتنا الشَهيّة | our delicious desserts | From p. 158 |
| مَايُونِيز | mayonnaise | From p. 158 |
| رَئِيسِيّ(رَئِيسِيَّة) | main, chief, principal | Used on p. 158. Relative adjective (nisba) composed of رَئِيس (raʾīs, “chief, leader”) + ـِيّ (-iyy). |
| زَعْتَر | zaatar, wild thyme | From Workbook p. 52. Probably from Classical Syriac ܨܬܪܐ (ṣatrāʾ), related to Hebrew צַתְרָה (tzátra). |
| جِدًّا (jiddan) | very | Worbook p. 52 |
| ولكنّي | but I | Workbook p. 52. Apparently the pronoun possessive ending becomes the subject in this usage. |
| أَخوك | your brother | Workbook p. 52. Note that the nominative ending becomes part of the spelling, as a long "و" in two-letter words like "brother". |
| مَنَاقِيش | manakish, a Middle-Eastern bread similar to pizza | Workbook, p. 52. |
| لِتْر | liter | Workbook p. 50 |
| شيء ثاني | another thing, anything else | workbook p. 51 |
| أَرْبَعِينَ | forty | workbook p. 51 |
| كَثِير | many | workbook p. 53 |
| فَلَافِل | falafel | workbook p. 56. Plural of فِلْفِل (filfil, “pepper”), from Persian or Aramaic |
| لَبْنَة | strained yogurt, Greek yogurt | workbook p. 56 |
| إِيمَيْل | workbook p. 57 | |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 13 | ||
| مَاء | water | |
| أَمْس | yesterday | |
| خَرَج | went out/exited | |
| ذَهَب | went | |
| كَتَب | wrote | |
| شَرِب | drank | |
| أَكَل | ate | |
| رَجَع | returned/went back | |
| فَتَح | opened | Similar to diacritic فَتْح • (fatḥ) ("ah" sound, pronounced with open mouth). From the root ف ت ح (f-t-ḥ). Compare Hebrew פָּתַח (patákh). |
| جَلَس | sat down | |
| سَمِع | heard | Familiar to Muslims from سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ "Allah hears whoever praises Him" (Said when straightening from ruku' in salah) |
| فَعَل | did, made | |
| وَجَد | found | |
| لِصّ(لُصوص) | thief/robber | |
| سَرِقَة(سَرِقات) | theft/robbery | |
| تحْقيق(تَحْقيقات) | investigation | |
| خِطاب(خِطابات) | letter, address, speech | From خَاطَبَ • (ḵāṭaba) III, non-past يُخَاطِبُ (yuḵāṭibu) 1. to address. Same root as khutbah خُطْبَة Friday sermon. Note different root from كَتَبَ "to write" |
| قَصْر(قُصور) | palace | Also "large stone building, castle, fortress". From Latin castrum. Compare Classical Syriac ܩܰܨܪܳܐ (“qaṣrā”), Hebrew קְצָרָה (qəṣārâ). Cognate with English "castle" |
| فِنْجان(فَناجين) | cup | From Persian پنگان (pengân). |
| كُولا | cola | |
| عَنْ | about/concerning | |
| مَعَ | with | |
| إلى | to/towards | |
| مَلَكِيّ | royal | |
| صَبَاح | morning | |
| مَسَاء | afternoon/evening | |
| مَتى؟ | when? | Compare مَا (mā, “what?”) and مَن (man, “who?”). Cognate to Hebrew מתי (matai) "when". |
| مَاذا؟ | what? (for verbal sentences) | See note on p. 174. Example "ماذا فعل الملك أمس؟" ("What did the king do yesterday?"). Interrogative pronoun. WK: "The simple form ما is used only in nominal sentences, while the extended form ماذا is used in verbal sentences." |
| أَوّلًا | firstly | |
| أَخيرًا | finally, recently | |
| بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ | after that | |
| قَبْلَ ذٰلِكَ | before that | |
| ثُمَّ | then | |
| فَـ... | and/and so | |
| مَكْتُوب(مَكَاتِيب) | letter, message, something written, destiny | Example of a word for "letter" with k-t-b root, to contrast with خِطاب |
| مَاذَا تُرِيدَ? | What would you like? | Example use of مَاذَا. |
| قَبْلَ | before | Preposition. Root ق ب ل • (q-b-l) related to front or acceptance. See قَبْلُ adverb, "previously, formerly". قَبِلَ verb "to accept, receive; obey, submit". قَبَّلَ verb "to kiss; go south". قِبَلَ preposition "in the presence of; in the direction of". قِبَل noun "power, ability". قُبَل plural of قُبْلَة "kiss; bail, surety". Also قَبْلًا, "previously; beforehand". Also قِبْلَة (qibla), "the direction towards the Kaaba, towards which Muslims pray" |
| حَدَثَ / يَحْدُثُ | to happen, to take place | From title of chapter |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 14 | ||
| عُلبَة(عُلَب) | box/tin/packet | Also "chest, trunk; can". From the root ع ل ب (ʿ-l-b). |
| رَجُل/رِجَال | man | From the root ر ج ل (r-j-l). Compare رَجِلَ "to go on foot, to walk" |
| جَبَل/جِبَال | mountain | |
| بَحْر(بِحَار) | sea/seas | Also "large river; a noble or great man". From Proto-Semitic *baḥr- (“sea”), from the root ب ح ر (b-ḥ-r) "related to spaciousness" |
| الطَّقْس | the weather | Also "ritual; liturgy; clerical rank". From Classical Syriac ܛܟܣܐ (ṭekkəsā), from Ancient Greek τάξις (táxis, “arrangement”). Apparently a late 19th century borrowing (WK) |
| حَارّ | hot | Derived from the active participle of حَرَّ (ḥarra, “to be hot”), from the root ح ر ر (ḥ-r-r). |
| يَوم(أَيّام) | day | From the root ي و م (y-w-m). From Proto-Semitic *yawm-. Compare "Yom Kippur" |
| فُنْدُق(فَنادِق) | hotel | From Ancient Greek πανδοκεῖον (pandokeîon), "inn". From πᾰν- (pan-, “all, every”) + δοκ- (dok-), o-grade of the stem of δέχομαι (dékhomai, “to receive”), + -εῖον (-eîon). |
| دَرَس | studied | |
| لُعبَة(لُعَب) | toy/game | |
| تُحْفة(تُحَف) | masterpiece/artefact | Also "work of art, gift, rarity" (not in WK). Compare مَتْحَف "museum" |
| دَوْلَة(دُوَل) | nation/state | Also "alteration, change". From the root د و ل (d-w-l) "related to alternating, to the state." |
| جَمَل(جِمَال) | camel | |
| ريح(رِياح) | wind | Also "fart; smell, odor". From the root ر ي ح (r-y-ḥ). From Proto-Semitic *rūḥ- (“to blow, breathe; spirit”). Cognate with Hebrew רוּחַ (rúach), Aramaic ܪܘܼܚܵܐ/רוּחָא (rūħā) |
| حَال(أحوال) | state/condition | From the root ح و ل (ḥ-w-l) "forms words relating to change" |
| دَرَجَة اَلْحَرَارَة | temperature ("degree of heat") | Remember the "t" - "darajat al-ḥarāra" |
| مُعْتَدِل | mild/moderate | Not in WK, but see عَدَلَ "to act justly; to make (someone) equal" |
| شَمْس | sun | From the root ش م س (š-m-s), the noun “sun” inherited from Proto-Semitic *śamš-. |
| مُشْمِس | sunny | |
| غَيْم(غُيوم) | cloud | Collective noun (singulative غَيْمَة (ḡayma)) |
| غائِم | cloudy/overcast | |
| مَطَر(أَمْطار) | rain | |
| مُمْطِر | rainy | |
| شَديد | strong/heavy | |
| فَتْرَة(فَتَرَات) | period (of time) | |
| سَماء صافِية | clear sky | صَافِيَة • (ṣāfiya) f = feminine singular of صَافٍ (ṣāfin), derived from the active participle of صَفَا (ṣafā, “to be clear, to be serene, to devote oneself wholeheartedly”), from the root ص ف و (ṣ-f-w). |
| رِحْلة(رِحْلات) | trip/journey | From the root ر ح ل (r-ḥ-l) "related to departure and saddlebags"; compare رَحَلَ (raḥala, “to depart”). |
| مُمْتِع | enjoyable | Compare مُتْعَة "enjoyment, delight, pleasure" |
| لَذيذ | tasty/delicious | Etymology unknown |
| آخِر يَوْم | the last day | |
| دَيْر(أَدْيِرة) | monastery | Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܕܝܪܐ (dayrā) which generally means “dwelling” and specifically “cloister”, from the Syriac root ܕ-ܘ-ܪ (d-w-r) relating to dwelling. Not from the Arabic root د و ر (d-w-r) as this means “spinning” and does not fit semantically (WK) |
| صَديق(أَصْدِقاء) | friend | From the root ص د ق (ṣ-d-q) "forms words related to truth; forms words related to friends, friendship, acquaintance or companionship"; from Proto-Semitic, cognate with Hebrew צ־ד־ק. |
| مَسْبَح(مَسابِح) | swimming pool | Noun of place from the verb سَبَحَ (sabaḥa, “to swim”), from the root س ب ح (s-b-ḥ). Compare سَبَّحَ (sabbaḥa, “to glorify, to praise”) (word used in Muslim prayer) |
| شُروق الشَّمْس | sunrise | |
| الأُسْبوع الماضي | last week | الْمَاضِي • (al-māḍī) m = Nominalized definite state of مَاضٍ (māḍin, “past”). Derived from the active participle of مَضَى (maḍā, “to pass”), from the root م ض ي (m-ḍ-y). |
| نَزَل | stayed | |
| شاهَد | watched/witnessed | Verbal form III of the root ش ه د (š-h-d) "related to witnesses". Compare "Shahadah", الشهادة aš-šahādah "the testimony", one of Islam's five pillars |
| عَزيزي/عَزيزَتي | Dear ... (starting a letter) | Card gives male/female versions. |
| مَع تَحِيَّاتي | Best wishes (finishing a letter) | |
| كَيْفَ | how | |
| كَيْف حَالَك/حَالِك؟ | How are you? | |
| أحَد عَشَر | eleven | |
| اِثْنَا عَشَر | twelve | |
| ثلاثة عَشَر | thirteen | |
| أربعة عَشَر | fourteen | |
| خَمْسة عَشَر | fifteen | |
| سِتَّة عَشَر | sixteen | |
| سَبْعة عَشَر | seventeen | |
| ثَمانية عَشَر | eighteen | |
| تِسعَة عَشَر | nineteen | |
| عِشْرين | twenty | |
| ثلاثين | thirty | |
| أربعين | forty | |
| خَمسين | fifty | |
| ستَّين | sixty | |
| سَبْعين | seventy | |
| ثَمانين | eighty | |
| تِسعين | ninety | |
| مِئَة or مِا۟ئَة | a hundred | Both pronounced "miʾa"; only second spelling is in book; not sure about "ARABIC SMALL HIGH ROUNDED ZERO" in middle, due to wiktionary. WK - "The alternate form of مِا۟ئَة (miʾa) has a supplimentary Alif added to avoid confusion with other words in early Kufic script, which did not include إِعْجَام (ʾiʿjām, 'diacritics')." |
| صِفْر | zero | |
| سَمَاء | sky | سَمَاء • (samāʾ) f (dual سَمَاوَانِ (samāwāni) or سَمَاءَانِ (samāʾāni), plural سَمَاوَات (samāwāt) or سَمٰوَات (samāwāt)) sky, heaven; firmament. From the root س م و (s-m-w). From Proto-Semitic *šamāy- (“sky, heaven”). Cognate with Akkadian šamû. |
| صَدِيقَة(صَدِيقَات) | friend (fem.) | |
| قَلْعَة | stronghold; citadel; fort | From Workbook p. 60 |
| وَراءَ | behind; past; beyond | From Workbook p. 60 |
| شَمال شَرْقيّ | north-east | From Workbook p. 60. Note nisba ending |
| بَلَد | country; town, city; place, community | Used in Ex. 8 p. 192 |
| هنا | here | Used in p. 194 "It was an enjoyable trip" |
| صَيْف | summer | From video linked p. 199, "Amani talks about her trip" |
| إِلَى اللِّقَاء | goodbye, see you later | From video linked p. 199. Literally "to the encounter". |
| لِقَاء | meeting, encounter; reunion | Also "interview". From "goodbye" phrase |
| عَائِلَة | family (extended) | From video linked p. 199 |
| تعرّفت | to become acquainted | From video linked p. 199. Also "to recognize; to trace, to discover". Form V, from the root ع ر ف (ʿ-r-f); compare عَرَفَ (ʿarafa, “to know”). |
| حقّا | really, truly | From video linked p. 199. From the root ح ق ق (ḥ-q-q). Adverbial accusative of حَقّ (ḥaqq, “true”). |
| اكلات | foods, cuisine | From video linked p. 199. Not on WK. |
| أُكْسْفُورْد | Oxford | From video linked p. 199. |
| نَزَلَ | to stay, dwell | From video linked p. 199. Also "to descend, to come down; to alight, to get off" |
| لِأَنّي | because I | From p. 194 "It was an onjoyable trip" |
| لِأَنَّ | because | |
| أُسْبُوع | week | In memrize but not in textbook. From س ب ع (s-b-ʿ); compare سَبْعَة (sabʿa), seven. Compare with Hebrew שבוע (šavúaʿ, “week”) and Hebrew שבע (šévaʿ, “seven”) |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 16 | ||
| سَاعَة(سَاعَات) | hour/watch/clock/o'clock | |
| مَتى؟ | when? | |
| عادةً (ʿādatan) | usually | Note pronunciation عَادَةً • (ʿādatan) "usually, customarily, ordinarily, habitually". Adverbial accusative of عَادَة (ʿāda, “custom, manner, habit”). From the root ع و د (ʿ-w-d) "related to returning, to coming back"; compare عَادَ (ʿāda, “to return, go back”). |
| إفْطار | breakfast | |
| غَداء | lunch | From the root غ د و (ḡ-d-w); compare غَدًا (ḡadan, “tomorrow”), غَدَاة (ḡadāh, “morning”). See also تَغَدَّى • (taḡaddā) V "to have lunch". |
| عَشاء | dinner/supper | |
| قِطار(قِطارات) | train | Also "row; row of camels". From the root ق ط ر (q-ṭ-r). |
| ذَهَب/يَذْهَب | to go | |
| دَرَس/يَدْرُس | to study | |
| غَسَل/يَغْسِل | to wash | |
| كَتَب/يَكْتُب | to write | |
| خَرَج/يَخْرُج | to go out, to leave | |
| رَجَع/يَرْجِع | to return | |
| لَبِسَ/يَلْبَس | to wear, to put on | |
| شَرِب/يَشْرَب | to drink | |
| أَكَل/يَأْكُل | to eat | |
| طَبَخ/يَطْبُخ | to cook | |
| صَحا/يَصْحو | to wake up | From the root ص ح و (ṣ-ḥ-w). Related to purity and clearing. Compare Hebrew צַח (“pure, clear”) and Classical Syriac ܨܚܘܐ (“good weather, clear sky; (figuratively) serenity, peace”) |
| نَام/يَنام | to sleep | |
| لَعِب/يَلْعَب | to play | |
| أشْرَبُ | I drink | |
| تَشْرَبُ | you (m) drink | |
| تَشْرَبينَ | you (f) drink | |
| يَشْرَبُ | he drinks | |
| تَشْرَبُ | she drinks | |
| نَشْرَبُ | we drink | |
| تَشْرَبونَ | you (pl) drink | |
| يَشْرَبونَ | they drink | |
| كَم الساعة؟ | what's the time? | |
| دَقيقة(دَقائِق) | minute | |
| نِصْف | half | |
| ثُلْث | third | |
| رُبْع | quarter | |
| كُلّ | every/all | |
| كُلّ يَوم | every day | |
| أُوتوبيس(ـات) | bus | |
| فَعَل/يَفْعَل | to do/to make | |
| وَجْه(وُجُوه) | (anatomy) face | "(anatomy) face; face, countenance; front, façade; watch dial; outside, exterior, surface". From the root و ج ه (w-j-h). Note verbal association with honor- وَجُهَ • (wajuha) I, non-past يَوْجُهُ (yawjuhu) "to be a man of distinction, to be notable" |
| دَرْس(دُرُوس) | lesson/class | |
| غُرفة الجُلوس | sitting room | |
| النادي | the club | |
| كُرة الريشة | badminton | "feather ball" |
| خارِج | outside (of) | |
| رِيشَة | feather | Also "quill; writing pen; brush; guitar pick; lancet; reed" |
| كُرة | ball | |
| مَعاً | together | Used on p. 223 |
| بيجاما | pyjamas | Used on p. 216 |
| إلا | except, save; unless; only, but, not until | From expression for "quarter to _", "twenty to _" (p. 213) |
| أَخِيرًا | finally, recently | From p. 216 |
| مَعًا | together | From p. 223 |
| طائرة | plane | In memrize but not in textbook |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 17 | ||
| صَحْراء | desert | |
| سَريع | fast | |
| غَنيّ | rich | |
| فَقير | poor | Origin of Hindu "fakir" |
| رَخيص | inexpensive/cheap | |
| غالٍ,غالية | expensive (masc., fem.) | |
| كَثير | many/a lot | |
| أُسْبُوع(أَسَابِيع) | week | Plural not in book |
| الماضي | the past | |
| مُنْذُ | since, ago | |
| الْيَوْم | today | |
| الآن | now | |
| كان/يكون | to be | |
| طار/يطير | to fly | |
| باع/يبيع | to sell | |
| قال/يقول | to say | |
| زار/يزور | to visit | |
| مَشى/يَمشي | to walk | |
| رَمى/يَرمي | to throw | |
| جَرى/يَجري | to run | |
| كُنْتُ | I was | |
| كُنْتَ | you (masc.) were | |
| كُنْتِ | you (fem.) were | |
| كانَ | he was | |
| كانَت | she was | |
| كُنَّا | we were | |
| كُنْتُم | you (pl.) were | |
| كانُوا | they were | |
| العالَم | the world | |
| قارّة(قَارَّات) | continent | |
| أَفْرِيقِيَا | Africa | Textbook translit. wrong |
| آسِيَا | Asia | Textbook translit. wrong |
| بُرْج(أَبْراج) | tower | |
| حَقْل(حُقول) | field | |
| بِناء | building/structure | |
| حُلْو | sweet | Older version (copied from Quizlet) was spelled "حِلْو" (ḥilū), this is North Levantine dialect. |
| هَامّ | important | |
| أَكْثَر | more/most | |
| أَفْضَل | better/best | |
| اِسْتِئْجار السيّارات | car rental | |
| مُمَثِّل(مُمَثِّلون) | actor | |
| مُمَثِّلة(مُمَثِّلات) | actress | |
| جَدّ/جَدّة | grandfather/grandmother | |
| (يَوْم)السَّبْت | Saturday | |
| (يَوْم)الأحَد | Sunday | |
| (يَوْم)الاِثْنَيْن | Monday | |
| (يَوْم)الثُلاثَاء | Tuesday | |
| (يَوْم)الأَرْبِعَاء | Wednesday | |
| (يَوْم)الخَميس | Thursday | |
| (يَوْم)الجُمعَة | Friday | |
| بَعْدَ | after | |
| قَبْلَ | before | |
| سَنَة(سَنوات) | year | |
| مُنْذُ عشرين سنة | 20 years ago | |
| عاد/يَعود | to go back/return | |
| زاد/يَزيد | to increase/go up (in price, etc.) | |
| شَكا/يَشكو | to complain | |
| فاضِل | good, virtuous | From p. 231. From root ف ض ل • (f-ḍ-l) "related to surplus, excess". Not in WK |
| بِطِّيخَة | watermelon | From p. 231 |
| جَيْش | army, military | From p. 239, ex 12 |
| هَرَم (أَهْرام) | pyramids | From video p. 242 |
| مَكَان (أَمْكِنَة) | place, location; status | From video p. 242 |
| مَيْدَان (مَيَادِين) | square (open space in a town); field, sphere | From video p. 242. An Iranian borrowing. Compare Middle Persian mdyʾn' (*mayān, “middle; among, between”) (whence Persian میان (miyân)), Manichaean Parthian mdyʾn (*maẟyān, “among, amid, between” ), Manichaean Sogdian [script needed] (myẟʾn /*mēẟan/, “middle”), Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬥𐬀 ( maiδiiāna, “middle”). Their first part is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos. |
| قي ذاك الوقت | at that time | From video p. 242 |
| كُنتُ أدرُس | used to study | From video p. 242 |
| أَحْسَن (حُسْنَى) | best ("irregular" superlative) | From YouTube video shown in class. Elative degree of حَسَن (ḥasan) "good" |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 18 | ||
| التَعْليم | education | |
| الرِّياضَة | sport | |
| التَّاريخ | history | |
| الجُغْرافِيا | geography | |
| الموسيقى | music | |
| الرِياضيَّات | mathematics | |
| العُلوم | science | |
| اللُّغات | languages | |
| التَرِبية الدينيَّة | religious education | |
| الكيمياء | chemistry | |
| الرَسْم | drawing/art | |
| العَرَبيّة | Arabic (language) | |
| الإِنْجْلِيزِيَّة | English (language) | WK has hamza, textbook lacks. |
| مُحاضَرة (ات) | lecture | |
| كُلِّيّة (كُلِّيّات) | faculty/college | From كُلّ (kull) "all, totality, everyone, everything". Not etymologically related to English "college" (which is from Latin con- + lēgō (“appoint”)) |
| مَكْتَبة (مَكْتَبات) | library/bookshop | |
| أُسْتاذ (أَساتِذة) | professor/lecturer | |
| الطَّبّ | medicine | From the root ط ب ب (ṭ-b-b). "forms words relating to curing, to medicine; forms words relating to treating someone gently". See طَبَّ • (ṭabba) I "to treat medically" |
| الهَنْدَسة | engineering | |
| الحُقوق | law (academic study) | |
| وَزير (وُزَرَاء) | minister | |
| وِزارة (وِزارات) | ministry | |
| أَمير (أُمَراء) | emir, prince | |
| إِمارَة (إِمارات) | emirate | |
| سَفير (سُفَرَاء) | ambassador | |
| سِفارة (سِفَارات) | embassy | |
| رَئيس (رُؤَسَاء) | president/chairman | |
| رِئاسَة (رِئاسَات) | presidency/chair | Verbal noun of رَأَسَ (raʾasa) (form I) "to be in charge, to preside". From the root ر ء س (r-ʾ-s), from Proto-Semitic *raʾš- (“head”). Cognate with Hebrew רֹאשׁ (rósh) and Aramaic רֵישָׁא (rēšā). |
| زَعيم (زُعَماء) | leader | From the root ز ع م (z-ʿ-m). Compare زَعَمَ "to claim; to pretend, assert; to impart one's opinion" |
| زَعامة (زَعامات) | leadership | |
| وَكيل (وُكَلاء) | agent | |
| وَكالة (وَكالات) | agency | |
| زَميل (زُمَلاء) | colleague/associate | |
| زَمالة (زَمالات) | colleagueship / fellowship / camaraderie | |
| مُدير (مُدَراء) | manager | Also "superintendent, boss, chief; (music) conductor". From root د و ر • (d-w-r) "related to circling". As adjective, active participle of أَدَارَ • (ʾadāra) IV "(of a business, company, organization, etc) to run, to manage, to govern, to operate; to make turn, to rotate, to spin, to revolve, to whirl; to turn around". See دَارَ • (dāra) I "to turn, to revolve, to rotate" |
| رَئيس الوُزَراء | the prime minister | |
| مَجْلِس الوُزَراء | the Cabinet (council of ministers) | |
| الإمارات العَرَبيّة المُتَّحِدة | the United Arab Emirates (UAE) | |
| الإِعْلان | advertising | From إِعْلَان • (ʾiʿlān) m "advertisement; announcement; publication". Verbal noun of أَعْلَنَ (ʾaʿlana) (form IV). "to reveal to the public, to publish, to publicize; to announce; to indicate; to summon". From the root ع ل ن (ʿ-l-n) "related to publicity". |
| شَرِكة (شَرِكات) | company (business) | |
| اِجْتِمَاع (اِجْتِماعات) | meeting | |
| مُؤْتَمَر (مُؤْتَمَرات) | conference | Noun of place in the form of the passive participle of اِئْتَمَرَ (iʾtamara, “to deliberate”), from the root ء م ر (ʾ-m-r) "related to commanding or instructing". Recall تَحت أَمْرَك "تَحت أَمْرَك" from Unit 12. |
| الصِناعة | industry | From صَنَعَ (ṣanaʿa, “to make, manufacture”), from the root ص ن ع (ṣ-n-ʿ) "related to building and designing". Cognate "arsenal" from Italian arsenale, also French arsenal, from Arabic دَار الصِّنَاعَة (dār aṣ-ṣināʿa, “manufacturing shop”); دَار (dār) + صِنَاعَة (ṣināʿa). |
| الصِحَّة | health | From the root ص ح ح (ṣ-ḥ-ḥ) "forms words relating to health and truth". |
| خاصّ | private | Also "special; particular; specific; designated; characteristic; distinguished; exclusive". Derived from the active participle of خَصَّ (ḵaṣṣa, “to favor, to endow, to be characteristic of, to concern”), from the root خ ص ص (ḵ-ṣ-ṣ) "related to things being or becoming special" |
| مُخْتَلِف | different | Derived from the active participle of اِخْتَلَفَ (iḵtalafa, “to differ”), from the root خ ل ف (ḵ-l-f) "Having to do with change, difference, or transition.". Compare خَلَفَ "to follow; to replace; to lag behind; to be detained". |
| حَياة (حَيَوات) | life | From the root ح ي و (ḥ-y-w), related to Hebrew חַיִּים (ḥayím, “life”, also a man's name). |
| بِداية | beginning | |
| الشَّعْب | the people (troop, band, tribe, nation) | From the root ش ع ب (š-ʿ-b). Compare شَعَبَ "to gather, unite; to mend; to disperse; to get separated; to leave one's people; to appear". Different root from Sabian (الصابئة). |
| عامِل (عُمّال) | worker | From ع م ل • (ʿ-m-l), "related to doing; related to working" |
| بَدَأ / يَبْدَأ | to begin | From the root ب د ء. Not to be confused with بَدَا • (badā) I "to seem, to appear" (root ب د و (b-d-w)), or ٱبْتَدَعُ "to originate" (root ب د ع). |
| عَرَف / يَعْرِف | to know | |
| رَكِب / يَرْكَب | to ride (on) | |
| حَتَّى | until | |
| خارِج | outside of | |
| بَلْ | but rather, instead | |
| تَرْبِيَة | education, rearing, pupil | Also "progress; increase; pupil, foster child". Verbal noun of رَبَّى (rabbā, “to raise, to educate”), from the root ر ب و (r-b-w). |
| ظُّهْرًا | in the afternoon | p. 247, not in vocab section |
| عُمُومًا | generally | From p. 248, CD 2:49. From عُمُوم "generality, prevalence", verbal noun of عَمَّ "to be or become general" |
| جَلْسَة عَمَل | workshop | Workbook, p. 75 "additional vocabulary" |
| جَلْسَة | session, sitting | Etymology for above |
| مَحَطَّة | station | From Workbook p. 76 |
| طَلَبَ / يَطْلُبُ | search; request; order; invite | From Workbook p. 76 |
| زِيارة (زِيارات) | visit (noun) | From workbook p. 76 (also Unit 19) |
| حَضَر / يَحْضُر | to attend | From workbook p. 76 (also unit 19) |
| أَسْمَنْت | cement | From textbook p. 256, workbook p. 76 |
| نَظَّف / يُنَظِّف | to clean | From workbook p. 76 (also unit 19) |
| ما | with past verb | p. 257, "past negative" section |
| لَمْ | not (with jussive/"present", to deny past) | p. 257, "past negative" section |
| لَمْ يَشْرَب | he didn't drink | |
| لَمْ تَشْرَبِي | you (fem.) didn't drink | |
| لَمْ تَشْرَبُوا | you (pl.) didn't drink | |
| لَمْ يَشْرَبُوا | they didn't drink | |
Mastering Arabic 1 Unit 19 | ||
| المُسْتَقْبَل | the future | Passive participle of the verb اِسْتَقْبَلَ (istaqbala, “to receive, meet, face”). From the root ق ب ل (q-b-l) "related to front or acceptance". Compare Unit 19 "to meet" (قابَل) and "to receive", Unit 13, 17 "before" (قَبْلَ) |
| غَداً | tomorrow | Adverb - adverbial accusative of غَد (ḡad, “morrow; tomorrow”, noun). |
| عيد ميلاد | birthday | |
| عُطْلة (عُطَل) | holiday | From the root ع ط ل (ʿ-ṭ-l). "forms words related to being unoccupied". See عَطِلَ • (ʿaṭila) I "to lack; to be unemployed, to bt idle; to be unadorned" |
| دِراسة (دِرَاسَات) | study (noun) | |
| اِمْتِحان (اِمْتِحانات) | exam | From the root م ح ن (m-ḥ-n). "related to experience, to try, to put to the test, to afflict" |
| خِطّة (خِطَط) | plan | Or "project, projected course". Also pronounced خُطَّة. From the root خ ط ط (ḵ-ṭ-ṭ). Compare خَطَّ • (ḵaṭṭa) I, non-past يَخُطُّ (yaḵuṭṭu) "to draw a line; to carve, inscribe". Different from root ق ط ع "Related to cut and separate". |
| حَضَر / يَحْضُر | to attend | From the root ح ض ر (ḥ-ḍ-r), "related to being present". Compare "lecture" (مُحاضَرة) from Unit 18, "certainly" (حاضِر) from Unit 11. |
| أَمَل / يَأْمُل | to hope | (error in textbook vowels) |
| سَأَل / يَسْأَل | to ask | From the root س ء ل (s-ʾ-l) "related to asking", cognate with Hebrew שָׁאַל (sha'ál, “he asked”). |
| فَضَّل / يُفَضِّل | to prefer | |
| سَخَّن / يُسَخِّن | to heat | |
| نَظَّف / يُنَظِّف | to clean | From the root ن ظ ف (n-ẓ-f). Form I is نَظُفَ • (naẓufa) I, non-past يَنْظُفُ (yanẓufu), "to be clean". |
| دَرَّس / يُدَرِّس | to teach | |
| سافَرَ / يُسافِر | to travel | Root of "safari", via Swahili |
| قابَل / يُقابِل | to meet | See "the future" |
| حاوَل / يُحاوِل | to try/attempt | From the root ح و ل (ḥ-w-l) "forms words relating to change". Compare حَوْل • (ḥawl) "power; strength; change, exchange", "year; partition", also (same root?) حَوْلَ • (ḥawla) "around". |
| اِسْتَقْبَل / يَسْتَقْبِل | to receive (guests, etc.) | See "the future" |
| اِسْتَخْدَم / يَسْتَخْدِم | to use | (error in textbook vowels). "to use; to have oneself served; to take into service, employ". Form X. From the root خ د م (ḵ-d-m). Compare Unit 12 خِدْمَة "service", also خَدَمَ "to serve" |
| اِسْتَعْلَم / يَسْتَعْلِم | to ask/inquire | |
| مَشْغول | busy | Derived from the passive participle of شَغَلَ (šaḡala, “to occupy, to keep busy”), from the root ش غ ل (š-ḡ-l) "Related to occupation or occupancy." |
| شَهْر (أَشْهُر/شُهور) | month | |
| يَنايِر | January | |
| فِبْرايِر | February | |
| مَارِِس | March | |
| أَبْريل | April | |
| مايُو | May | |
| يونِيو | June | |
| يولِيو | July | |
| أَغُسْطُس | August | |
| سِبْتَمْبِر | September | |
| أُكْتُوبِر | October | (error in textbook vowels) |
| نوفَمْبِر | November | |
| ديسَمْبِر | December | |
| بَعْدَ غَد | the day after tomorrow | |
| أَوَّل أَمْس | the day before yesterday | Literally "the first yesterday" |
| زِيارة (زِيارات) | visit (noun) | |
| نائِب (نُوّاب) (nāʾib (nuwwāb)) | deputy | Derived from the active participle of نَابَ (nāba, “to represent, to act as a deputy”), from the root ن و ب (n-w-b). Compare نَابَ "to replace, to substitute; to act on behalf of, to represent; to nod assent to, to agree with, to turn towards" |
| الاِقْتِصاد | the economy | Verbal noun of اِقْتَصَدَ (iqtaṣada), from the root ق ص د (q-ṣ-d). "Related to objectives, projects". Compare قَصَدَ "to mean, to intend" |
| صَلَّح / يُصَلِّح | to mend/fix | From the root ص ل ح (ṣ-l-ḥ) "forms words relating to righteousness or correcting". Different root from Unit 16 صَحا "to wake up" (ص ح و, related to purity and clearing), Unit 18 الصِحَّة "health" (ص ح ح, "relating to health and truth"). |
| رَسْميّ | official | Relative adjective (nisba) composed of رَسْم (rasm, “drawing, official document, ceremony, formality”) + ـِيّ (-iyy). |
| الريف | the countryside | |
| في الحَقيقة | actually/in truth | |
Classroom Vocab | ||
| جَيِّد (jayyid) | good, excellent, approvable | |
| طَيَّب (ṭayyib) | good, nice, pleasant | Also: charming; agreeable; tasty. From the root ط ي ب (ṭ-y-b). |
| جَمِيعًا (jamīʿan) | (adv.) all together | From the root ج م ع (j-m-ʿ) "related to gathering or collecting". Cognate with "university" |
| ما مَعْنًى (mā maʿnan) | what meaning, what does it mean? | ما "what" + معنى "meaning, sense; concept, thought", from the root ع ن ي (ʿ-n-y), from the verb عَنَى (ʿanā, “to be on someone's mind”) |
| أُسْتَاذ/أُسْتَاذَة (ʾustāḏ/ʾustāḏa) | teacher; professor; title of courtesy commonly given to individuals of high education or learning | From Persian استاد (ostâd) |
| مُمْتَاز (mumtāz) | excellent; distinguished; privileged | Derived from the active participle of the verb اِمْتَازَ (imtāza, "to be distinguished"), from the root م ي ز (m-y-z). |
| نَعَمْ (naʿam) | (adv.) yes | From the root ن ع م (n-ʿ-m) |
| لَا (lā) | (particle) no. | Also- not; do not; there is not; neither. Cognate to Aramaic לָא (lā), Hebrew לֹא (lo). |
| وَاجِب (wājib) | homework | Also- assignment; duty, obligation |
| يَعْنِي (yaʿnī) | it means, signifies | third-person masculine singular non-past active indicative of عَنَى (ʿanā) |
| كَيْفَ نَقُول ___ بِالعَرَبِيَّة? (kayfa naqūl ___ biālʿarabīyah?) | How do we say ___ in Arabic? | |
| فَتْح (fatḥ) | fatha vowel sign (short "a") (هَ) | Also "opening; disclosure; conquest; help". From verb فَتَحَ • (fataḥa) "to open; conquer; explain; prompt; assist; begin; decide" |
| كَسْرَة (kasrah) | kasra vowel sign (short "i") (هِ) | Instance noun of the verb كَسَر (kasar, “to break, to crash”). From the root ك س ر (k-s-r), related to breaking. |
| ضَمَّة (ḍammah) | damma vowel sign (short "u") (هُ) | Instance noun of the Form I verb ضَمَّ (ḍamma, “to embrace; to gather; to compress the lips”). When used to describe the vowel ـُ ḍu), ضَمَّة (ḍamma) means “an instance of [lip-] rounding”, since u is the only short vowel in Arabic that is pronounced with lip-rounding. |
| شَدّة (šadda) | shadda. sign of emphasis, diacritic marking a long consonant (هُ) | Instance noun of شَدَّ (šadda, “to geminate (form a pair); to be or become firm, solid, hard, strong”). |
| ألف خنجرية (alif ḵanjariyya) | dagger alif, short vertical stroke on top of a letter indicating long "a" sound (هٰ) | |
| تَنْوِين (tanwīn) | nunation (هٌ هٍ هً) grammatical indefinite case endings | Verbal noun of نَوَّنَ (nawwana, “to add nunation”). Deverbative from the letter نُون (nūn). |
| ألف مقصورَة (alif maqṣūra) | Arabic letter alef maksura | "restricted alif" (ى). Rare, only written in final position, pronounced short "a". Also called أَلِف لَيِّنَة (ʾalif layyina, “flexible alif”). Not to be confused with مَكْسُورَة maksūrah "broken, cracked" |
| تَاء مَرْبُوطَة (tāʾ marbūṭa) | ة =variant of the letter ت (tāʾ) used at the end of words | Mostly used in gramatically feminine words. From مَرْبُوط, passive participle of رَبَطَ • (rabaṭa) "to tie up, to bind; to fasten, to attach". From root ر ب ط • (r-b-ṭ) "Related to relating". Literally "tied up taa" |
| همزة (hamza) | ء =letter representing glottal stop | Derived from 'ayn (ع). From the root ه م ز (h-m-z). Same spelling as "slanderer" هُمَزَة • (humaza) |
| نِسْبَة (nisba) | "attribution" - type of adjective used with place names | Also- relationship; agreement ; etc.; |
| إِضَافَة (iḍāfah) | Idafa construction, noun + genitive | |
| صَحِيح (ṣaḥīḥ) | true | |
| صَحّ (ṣaḥḥ) | (Hijazi Arabic) right; correct | From verb صَحَّ "to be true; healthy; permissible" |
| خَطَأ (ḵaṭaʾ) | false, wrong, incorrect, mistaken | From خَطِئَ (ḵaṭiʾa, “to err”). From the root خ ط ء (ḵ-ṭ-ʾ). Cognate with Hebrew חָטָא (ḥāṭā, “to sin”) and Old South Arabian 𐩭𐩷𐩱 (“to commit an offense”). |
| نَصْب (naṣb) | accusative case or subjective mood | Verbal noun of نَصَبَ (naṣaba) "to put into the accusative case, to put into the subjunctive mood". Also "raise, build; proclaim, declare, arrogate oneself". |
| مَرْفُوع (marfūʿ) | nominative case or indicative mood | Derived from the passive participle of رَفَعَ (rafaʿa, “raise up”): literally, “raised up”. |
| اَلْمَجْرُورُ (al-maǧrūr) | genitive case | |
| مُذَكَّر (muḏakkar) | masculine form | not in WK |
| مُؤَنَّث (muʾannaṯ) | feminine form | not in WK |
| جَمْع (jamʿ) | plural word | |
| مُفْرَد (mufrad) | (grammar) singular | From the root ف ر د (f-r-d). Compare فَرُدَ "to be single, alone; to be singular, unique" |
| تَشْكِيل (taškīl) | diacritics, vowelization | Verbal noun(of شَكَّلَ (šakkala) (form II) "to hobble (an animal); to vocalize (a text); to become dubious or confused" |
| حَرَكَة (ḥaraka) | vowel (Arabic) | Also "movement, commotion, stirring, physical exercise". From the root ح ر ك (ḥ-r-k); related to the verb حَرَّكَ (ḥarraka), to move, to set in motion. |
| الجَذْر (al-jaḏr) | root (as in root letter) | MA 1, p. 134 |
| الوَزْن (wazn) | noun or verb "shape", pattern or form, transfix | Also "weight; measure; pattern". Verbal noun of وَزَنَ wazana "to weigh" |
| جُمْلَة (jumla) | sentence (grammar) | Also "series, whole range, collectivity" |
| اِسْمِيَّة (ismīyah) | nominal | |
| الجملة الاسمية (aljumla alismīyah) | the nominal sentence | |
| فِعْل (fiʿl) | (grammar) verb | |
| آسِف (ʾāsif) | sorry | |
| فُصْحَى (fuṣḥā) | standard Arabic language, Modern Standard Arabic | Also "Classical Arabic". Feminine form of the elative adjective أَفْصَح (ʾafṣaḥ, “purest in language, most eloquent”), derived from فَصِيح (faṣīḥ, “pure in language, eloquent”). The noun is derived from the expression لُغَة عَرَبِيَّة فُصْحَى (luḡa ʿarabiyya fuṣḥā, “pure Arabic language”). |
| مَفْهُوم? (mafhūm?) | understandable? | Also (as noun) "concept; notion". Not in WK |
| مَنْصُوب (manṣūb) | accusative, subjunctive | Derived from the passive participle of نَصَبَ (naṣaba, “to raise, to put into the accusative or subjunctive”). |
| إِعْرَاب (ʾiʿrāb) | system of nominal, adjectival, or verbal suffixes of Classical Arabic (also "syntax; utterance") | |
| مُضَارِع (muḍāriʿ) | non-past, imperfect tense (i.e. present tense) | Also "similar, equal" |
| تَصْرِيف | inflection, conjugation, declension | Also "change; drainage; sale, retail" |
| تَصْرِيف الْأَفْعَالِ (taṣrīf al-ʾafʿāli) | conjugation of verbs | |
| تَصْرِيف الْأَسْمَاءِ (taṣrīf al-ʾasmāʾi) | declension of nouns | |
| فِعْلِيّ (fiʿliyy) | (grammar) derived from a verb, also "active; transitive"; actual, real; effective | |
| جملة فِعْلِيَّة (jumla fiʿliyya) | verbal sentence | |
| اِسْم, اِسْم الذَّات (ism, ism aḏ-ḏāt) | noun | |
| مَصْدَر (maṣdar) | verbal noun, infinitive, gerund; also origin, source | Verbal noun of صَدَرَ (ṣadara, “to happen, to occur, to go out”), from the root ص د ر (ṣ-d-r). |
| تَمْرِين | exercise | also "physical exercise". verbal noun of مَرَّنَ (marrana, “to practice, exercise”) (form II). From the root م ر ن (m-r-n). (no entry) |
| شَخْص | person (grammatical?) | |
| الْمُضَارِع مَرْفُوع | indicative (present) mood; nominative case | Derived from the passive participle of رَفَعَ (rafaʿa, “raise up”): literally, “raised up”. |
| الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | subjunctive mood | |
| الْمُضَارِع الْجْزُوم | jussive mood | "cut off, cut short, clipped". Derived from the passive participle of جَزَمَ (jazama, “to cut off”). (no root info) |
Numerals | ||
| صِفْر (ṣifr, ۰) | zero | |
| واحِد (wāḥid, ۱) | one | |
| اِثْنَان (ithnān, ۲) | two | |
| ثَلاثَة (thalāthah, ۳) | three | |
| أربَعة (arbaʿah, ٤/۴) | four | |
| خَمْسَة (khamsah, ۵) | five | |
| سِتّة (sittah, ٦/۶) | six | |
| سَبْعَة (sabʿah, ۷) | seven | |
| ثَمانية (thamāniyah, ۸) | eight | |
| تِسْعَة (tisʿah, ۹) | nine | |
| عَشْرة (ʿashrah, ۱۰) | ten | |
Pronouns | ||
| أَنَا (anā) | I (1st m/f sg) | |
| نَحْنُ (naḥnu) | we (1st m/f dual/pl) | |
| أَنْتَ (anta) | you male (2nd m sg) | |
| أَنْتِ (anti) | you female (2nd f sg) | |
| أَنْتُمْ (antum) | you all males (2nd m pl) | |
| أَنْتُنَّ (antunna) | you all females (2nd f pl) | |
| هُوَ (huwa) | he (3rd m sg) | |
| هِيَ (hiya) | she (3rd f sg) | |
| هُمْ (hum) | they (males) (3rd m pl) | |
| هُنَّ (hunna) | they (females) (3rd f pl) | |
| أَنْتُمَا (antumā) | you two (2nd m/f dual) | |
| هُمَا (humā) | they two (3rd m/f dual) | |
Possessive Suffixes | ||
| ـنِي / ـِي / ـيَ (-nī/-ī/-ya) | my (1st m/f sg) | |
| ـنَا (-nā) | our (1st m/f dual/pl) | |
| ـكَ (-ka) | your male (2nd m sg) | |
| ـكِ (-ki) | your female (2nd f sg) | |
| ـكُمْ (-kum) | of you all males (2nd m pl) | |
| ـكُنَّ (-kunna) | of you all females (2nd f pl) | |
| ـهُ / ـهِ (-hu/-hi) | his (3rd m sg) | |
| ـهَا (-hā) | her (3rd f sg) | |
| ـهُمْ / ـهِمْ (-hum/-him) | their (males) (3rd m pl) | |
| ـهُنَّ / ـهِنَّ (-hunna/-hinna) | their (females) (3rd f pl) | |
| ـكُمَا (-kumā) | of you two (2nd m/f dual) | |
| ـهُمَا / ـهِمَا (-humā/-himā) | of they two (3rd m/f dual) | |
Past Conjugations | ||
| كَتَبْتُ (katab-tu) | I wrote | |
| كَتَبْتَ (katab-ta) | You (m) wrote | |
| كَتَبْتِ (katab-ti) | You (f) wrote | |
| كَتَبَ (katab-a) | He wrote | |
| كَتَبَتْ (katab-at) | She wrote | |
| كَتَبْنَا (katab-nā) | We wrote | |
| كَتَبْتُمْ (katab-tum) | You all (m) wrote | |
| كَتَبُوا (katab-ū) | They (m) wrote | |
| كَتَبْتُمَا (katab-tumā) | You two wrote | |
| كَتَبَا (katab-ā) | They (m) two wrote | |
| كَتَبَتَا (katab-atā) | They (f) two wrote | |
| كَتَبْتُنَّ (katab-tunna) | You all (f) wrote | |
| كَتَبْنَ (katab-na) | They (f) wrote | |
Present Conjugations | ||
| أَكْتُبُ (a-ktub-u) | I write | |
| تَكْتُبُ (ta-ktub-u) | You (m) write | |
| تَكْتُبِينَ (ta-ktub-īna) | You (f) write | |
| يَكْتُبُ (ya-ktub-u) | He writes | |
| تَكْتُبُ (ta-ktub-u) | She writes | |
| نَكْتُبُ (na-ktub-u) | We write | |
| تَكْتُبُونَ (ta-ktub-ūna) | You all (m) write | |
| يَكْتُبُونَ (ya-ktub-ūna) | They (m) write | |
| تَكْتُبَانِ (ta-ktub-āni) | You two write | |
| يَكْتُبَانِ (ya-ktub-āni) | They (m) two write | |
| تَكْتُبَانِ (ta-ktub-āni) | They (f) two write | |
| تَكْتُبْنَ (ta-ktub-na) | You all (f) write | |
| يَكْتُبْنَ (ya-ktub-na) | They (f) write | |
Colors | ||
| لَوْن(أَلْوان) | color | |
| أَبْيَض(بَيْضَاء) | white | |
| أَسْوَد(سَوْدَاء) | black | |
| أَخْضَر(خَضْرَاء) | green | |
| أَحْمَر(حَمْرَاء) | red | |
| أَزْرَق(زَرْقَاء) | blue | |
| أَصْفَر(صَفْراَء) | yellow | |
| وَرْدِيّ | pink (synonym 1) | |
| بَمْبِيّ | pink (synonym 2) | |
| بُرْتُقَانِيّ | orange (color) | Nisbah of orange (fruit) |
| بُنِّيّ | brown, coffee-colored | Nisbah of coffee beans |
| أشْقَرُ(شَقْراءُ) | blond, light-skinned | From "All the Arabic you never learned the first time around". Feminine plural شَقْراوات and masculine plural شُقْرٌ |
| أسْمَرُ(سَمراءُ) | brown-skinned | From "All the Arabic you never learned the first time around". Feminine plural سَمْراوات and masculine plural سُمْرٌ. Also referring to the color of baked bread, according to comment on website. |
| أَغْبَر(غَبْرَاء) | dust-colored | From WK. "dust-colored; dust-covered, dusty, dingy; roan". Color or defect adjective from the root غ ب ر (ḡ-b-r), "related to being dusty, lagging; tarried; left behind; recrudescent" |
Weekdays | ||
| أُسْبُوع / أَسَابِيع | week (unit of time) | |
| السَّبْت; يَوْمُ ٱلسَّبْتِ | Saturday | "Sabbath" |
| الْأَحَد; يَوْم الْأَحَد | Sunday | From وَاحِد "one" |
| الْاِثْنَيْنِ; يَوْم الاِثْنَيْن | Monday | From إثْنَان "two" |
| الثُّلَاثَاء, الثَّلَاثَاء; يَوْم الثُّلَاثَاء | Tuesday | From ثَلاثَة "three" |
| الْأَرْبِعَاء; يَوْم الْأَرْبِعَاء | Wednesday | From أَرْبَعَة "four" |
| الْخَمِيس; يَوْم الْخَمِيس | Thursday | From the root of خَمْس (ḵams, “five”), taking a form that is common in adjectives- فَعِيل (faʿīl). |
| الْجُمُعَة, الجُمْعَة; يَوْم الْجُمُعَة | Friday | From the root ج م ع (j-m-ʿ), which has a meaning related to “gathering”. |
BAS Verbs | ||
| جَرَى / يَجْرِي | to run | جَرَى • (jarā) I, non-past يَجْرِي (yajrī) Form I. Synonym- "رَكَضَ". Also "to take place, to happen; to articulate, to express". |
| لَعِبَ / يَلْعَبُ | to play | Form I. Also "to trick, to cheat". Also "to slobber, to drool" (لَعِبَ or لَعَبَ • (laʿaba or laʿiba) I, non-past يَلْعَبُ (yalʿabu)). From the root ل ع ب (l-ʿ-b). Compare لَعْب "game". |
| اِبْتَسَمَ / يَبْتَسِمُ | to smile | Form VIII. From the root ب س م (b-s-m). Note Form I بَسَمَ • (basama) I, non-past يَبْسِمُ (yabsimu) "to smile", Form V تَبَسَّمَ • (tabassama) V, non-past يَتَبَسَّمُ (yatabassamu) "to smile". Note اِبْتِسَامَة • (ibtisāma) "smile" (noun). |
| رَكِبَ / يَرْكَبُ | to ride | Form I. Also "to embark". From the root ر ك ب (r-k-b) |
| شَرِبَ / يَشْرَبُ | to drink | Form I. From root ش ر ب (š-r-b). Compare Ge'ez ሠረበ (śäräbä). |
| جَلَسَ / يَجْلِسُ | to sit | Form I. From the root ج ل س (j-l-s) |
| كَتَبَ / يَكْتُبُ | to write | Form I. Also "to write down, record, register; to compose, draft; to bequeath; to prescribe; to foreordain". From the root ك ت ب (k-t-b). Compare to Hebrew כָּתַב (katáv, kāṯaḇ). |
| قَرَأَ / يَقْرَأُ | to read | Form I. Also "to recite; to review or study; to collect together or to gather piece by piece". From root ق ر ء (q-r-ʾ). Compare Hebrew קָרָא (kará). Cognate with قُرْآن (qurʾān) "act of reciting" |
| مَشَى / يَمْشِي | to walk | Form I. From the root م ش ي (m-š-y) "related to walking". Note مَاشِيَة • (māšiya) "cattle", مَاشٍ • (māšin) "pedestrian; foot soldier; narrator" |
| سَبَحَ / يَسْبَحُ | to swim | Form I. Also "to praise, to glorify". From the root س ب ح (s-b-ḥ). Note مَسْبَح (masbaḥ) "swimming pool", تَسْبِيح (tasbīḥ) "glorification of God; exclamation of tasbih, such as- سبحان الله ― subḥān Allah ― Glory be to Allah". |
| تَكَلَّمَ / يَتَكَلَّمُ | to talk | Form V. "To have a discussion or conversation". From the root ك ل م (k-l-m) "Related to speech". |
| رَسَمَ / يَرْسُمُ | to draw | Form I. Also "to trace, sketch; to describe, depict, portray; to paint; to record, enter, mark, indicate; to outline". From the root ر س م (r-s-m). Compare Hebrew רשם (rasham). |
| عَلَّمَ / يُعَلِّمُ | to teach | Form II. "(ditransitive) to teach, to instruct, to train, to educate; (transitive) to designate, to mark, to earmark". Compare عَلِمَ • (ʿalima) I, non-past يَعْلَمُ (yaʿlamu) "(transitive) to know, to have knowledge, to be cognizant, to be aware; to be informed, to be familiar, to be acquainted; to perceive, to discern, to find out, to learn". From the root ع ل م (ʿ-l-m) "Related to knowing and knowledge". Note عَلَم • (ʿalam) m (plural أَعْلَام (ʾaʿlām)) "sign, token, mark, badge; flag, banner; harelip; road sign, guidepost; authority, luminary, star, personage, distinguished man; (grammar, linguistics) proper noun", also عِلْم • (ʿilm) m (plural عُلُوم (ʿulūm)) "verbal noun of عَلِمَ (ʿalima) (form I); knowledge, learning, lore; cognition, acquaintance; information; perception, knowledge; (plural عُلُوم (ʿulūm)) science" |
| فَكَرَ / يَفْكُرُ | to think | Form I. "(construed with فِي (fī)) to think, ponder over" From the root ف ك ر (f-k-r). |
| أَكَلَ / يَأْكُلُ | to eat | Form I. "to eat, to consume, to swallow, to devour; to destroy; to gnaw, to eat away, to corrode, to erode; to spend unlawfully; to enrich oneself, to feather one's nest". From Proto-Semitic *ʾakal- (root ء ك ل (ʾ-k-l)). "related to food and eating; related to itching". Note أُكْل (ʾukl, “food, fruit”). |
| ضَحِكَ / يَضْحَكُ | to laugh | Form I. Also "to jeer, to scoff". From the root ض ح ك (ḍ-ḥ-k). Compare Hebrew צָחַק (ṣāḥaq, “to laugh”). Note مُضْحِك • (muḍḥik) "funny, comical; ridiculous". |
| دَرَسَ / يَدْرُسُ | to study, to learn | Form I. Also "to erase, to efface, to obliterate, to wipe out, to make hard to see; to thresh". From the root د ر س (d-r-s). According to Geiger meanings of interpreting pettily much, the meaning “deuteln”, specifically in Qurʿān 6.105 and Qurʿān 6.156, are a semantic loan from Hebrew דָּרַשׁ (dāráś). Compare إِدْرِيس • (ʾidrīs) "(Islam) Idris, Idrees, a prophet in Islam generally held to be identical to the biblical Enoch. From the verb أَدْرُس (ʾadrus, “to teach”), from the root د ر س (d-r-s), reporterdly because he was the first to write with a pen." Note مُدَرِّس • (mudarris) "teacher", مَدْرَسَة • (madrasa) "academy, school". |
| عَمِلَ / يَعْمَلُ | to work | Form I. "to work, perform; to do (with deliberate thought); to practice, profess; to produce an effect; to be brisk, walk fast; to exercise an influence; (grammar) to govern a case; to take pains (with عَلَى (ʿalā)); to work to an end; to take care of; to last without interruption". From the root ع م ل (ʿ-m-l). Compare Hebrew עָמָל (`Amal, “work, deed”) |
| نَامَ / يَنَامُ | to sleep | Form I. "to sleep; to go to bed; to go to sleep; to abate, to subside, to let up, to calm down; to be inactive, to be listless; to be numb; to neglect, to omit, to overlook; to forget; to be reassured, to accept, to assent, to acquiesce; to trust, to have confidence in". From the root ن و م (n-w-m) "forms words relating to sleep". Note مُنَوِّم "soporific; hypnotic; numbing". |
| قَطَعَ / يَقْطَعُ | to cut | Form I. Also "to break; to stop, to cease". From the root ق ط ع (q-ṭ-ʿ). "Related to cut and separate". Note قِطْعَة "piece, fragment, lump, chunk; part, portion; section, division; coin; (geometry) segment; (military) unit" |
| غَبِيَ / يَغْبَى | to be ignorant, to not understand | From the roots غ ب و (ḡ-b-w) and غ ب ي (ḡ-b-y). |
BAS Body Parts | ||
| ذِرَاع / أَذْرُع, ذُرْعَان (f) | arm | Also "lever; crank arm; cubit". From the root ذ ر ع (ḏ-r-ʿ). Cognate to Aramaic דְּרָעָא / ܕܪܥܐ (dərāʿā), Hebrew זְרוֹעַ (zərṓaʿ), Ugaritic 𐎏𐎗𐎓 (ḏrʿ), Ge'ez መዝራዕት (mäzraʿt), Tigre ዘራዕ (zäraʿ), መዛርዕት (mäzarəʿt), Tigrinya መዝራዕት (mäzraʿt), Soqotri direʿ, Shehri diráʿ. |
| عَيْن / عَيْنَان / عُيُون, أَعْيُن (f) | eye | Also "spring (of water); envy; spy; a revered person in the community; money or the equivalent of money". Also, name of the eighteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet (ع (ʿ)), representing the sound /ʕ/. Compare Hebrew עין. |
| إِصْبَع / أَصَابِع (f,m) | finger, toe | Also "piano key; popsicle". From the root ص ب ع (ṣ-b-ʿ). Compare Aramaic אֶצְבְּעָא (ʾeṣbəʿā), Hebrew אֶצְבַּע (ʾeṣbaʿ). |
| رَأْس / رُؤُوس, أَرْؤُس (m) | head | Also "leader, chief; top, summit; apex; extremity, end; promontory, cape; main part; beginning" First word of "Rastafari", the religion whose name derives from the pre-regnal title of Haile Selassie, lit. "Duke Tafari". From the root ر ء س (r-ʾ-s), from Proto-Semitic *raʾš- (“head”). Cognate with Hebrew רֹאשׁ (rósh) and Aramaic רֵישָׁא (rēšā). Also note Rosh Hashanah (Hebrew רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה), literally meaning the "head [of] the year". |
| ظَهر / ظُهُور, أَظْهُر (m) | back | Also "rear, reverse; deck, surface, top; cast iron". Related to verb for "to be visible, external, perceptible, clear". From the root ظ ه ر (ẓ-h-r) "Relating to visibility, making clear or understandable; Relating to support". |
| سَاق / سُوق, سُؤُوق, سِيقَان, أَسْوُق (f) | leg | Also "shank; thigh; side of an angle; perpendicular; trunk, stalk; column, pillar; scale (balance); genus, gender, kind; pain, torment". From Aramaic שָׁקָא (šāqā, “shin”), ultimately from Akkadian 𒆸 (sâqu, “to be narrow, skinny, or constricted”), cognate to native Arabic ضَيِّق (ḍayyiq, “narrow, pressed”); compare Classical Syriac ܫܩܐ (šāqā, “shin”), Hebrew שׁוֹק (shok, “shin”). Connected back to the root س و ق (s-w-q) (verbs for "drive; conscript; pilot; transport") by the urging on of animals with one's legs when riding or by driving them forward by tapping at their legs. |
| يَد / يَدَان / أَيْدٍ, أَيَادٍ (f) | hand | Also "arm; forelimb; hand (card game); power, strength, authority; handle; monument, shrine". From Proto-Semitic *yad-. Cognate with Hebrew יָד (yád, "hand") |
| بَطْن / بُطُون, أَبْطُن (m) | stomach, abdomen | Also "womb; interior; depth". Related to verb "to be inside, hidden". From the root ب ط ن (b-ṭ-n). Cognate with Hebrew בֶּטֶן (béten, “stomach”), Aramaic בטנא (baṭnā, “womb”). |
| شَعْر, شَعَر (m) | hair | Also "bristles; pelt". Collective noun. From the root ش ع ر (š-ʿ-r) "Related to knowledge or awareness" |
| فَم / فَمَان / أَفْوَاه (m) | mouth | Construct state is فُو (fū) or فَم (fam). Also "muzzle; aperture; mouth (of a river); mouthpiece". From Proto-Semitic *pay-. Cognate with Hebrew פֶּה (pé), Aramaic פּוּמָא (pūmā). |
| أَنف / أُنُوف (m) | nose | From Proto-Semitic *ʾanp-. Compare Aramaic אַפָּא (ʾappā), Hebrew אַף (ʾap̄). |
| أُذُن, أُذْن / أُذُنَان, أُذْنَان / آذَان (f) | ear | Also "handle (of a cup)". From Proto-Semitic *ʾuðn- (“ear”). |
BAS Countryside | ||
| جِسْر | bridge | (jisr) m (plural أَجْسُر (ʾajsur) or جُسُور (jusūr)). Compare Akkadian (gišru), Classical Syriac ܓܫܪܐ (gešrāʾ), Hebrew גֶּשֶׁר (géšer). |
| مَزْرَعَة | farm | feminine (plural مَزَارِع (mazāriʿ)) |
| تَلّ | hill | (tall) m (plural أَتْلَال (ʾatlāl) or أَتُلّ (ʾatull) or تِلَال (tilāl) or تُلُول (tulūl)). Also "heap of sand, hillock, mound, knob". From Proto-Semitic *tall- (“hill”), from the root ت ل ل (t-l-l). Compare "Tel Aviv" lit. "Hill of Spring". |
| بُحَيْرَة | lake | (buḥayra) f (plural بُحَيْرَات (buḥayrāt) or بَحَائِر (baḥāʾir)). Diminutive of بَحْر (baḥr, “sea”). |
| بَحْر | sea | (baḥr) m (plural بِحَار (biḥār) or بُحُور (buḥūr) or أَبْحَار (ʾabḥār) or أَبْحُر (ʾabḥur)). Also "large river; a noble or great man". From Proto-Semitic *baḥr- (“sea”), from the root ب ح ر (b-ḥ-r) "related to spaciousness" |
| وَرْدَة | rose | (warda) f (singulative, collective وَرْد (ward), plural وُرُود (wurūd)). Compare Hebrew וֶרֶד (véred). Ultimately a Middle Iranian loanword, cognate to Persian گل(gol), and more distantly Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon) and Latin rosa (English rose). |
| شَجَر | tree | (šajar) m (collective, singulative شَجَرَة (šajara), dual شَجَرَتَان (šajaratān), paucal شَجَرَات (šajarāt), plural أَشْجَار (ʾašjār)). Also "shrubs, bushes". From the root ش ج ر (š-j-r) "related to intricacy" |
| جَبَل | mountain | (jabal) m (plural جِبَال (jibāl) or أَجْبَال (ʾajbāl)). Also "mountains. mountains, mountain range". From the root ج ب ل (j-b-l). Compare جَبَلَ • (jabala) "to mold, to form, to shape, to fashion; to knead; to create" |
| نَهْر | river | or نَهَر • (nahr or nahar) m (plural أَنْهَار (ʾanhār) or أَنْهُر (ʾanhur) or نُهُر (nuhur) or نُهْر (nuhr) or نُهُور (nuhūr)). From the root ن ه ر (n-h-r). Compare Akkadian 𒀀𒇉 (nāru), Ugaritic 𐎐𐎅𐎗 (nhr), Aramaic נהרא ܢܲܗܪܵܐ (nahrā), Hebrew נהר (nahar). |
| حَقْل | field | (ḥaql) m (plural حُقُول (ḥuqūl)). Meaning "field (distinguished by there being harvests, no matter if crops or raw materials)". From Proto-Semitic *ḥaql-. |
| صَحْرَاء | desert | (ṣaḥrāʾ) f (dual صَحْرَاوَان (ṣaḥrāwān), plural صَحَارَى (ṣaḥārā) or صَحْرَاوَات (ṣaḥrāwāt) or صَحَارٍ (ṣaḥārin)). From which derives the (redundantly named) "Sahara desert" of North Africa. Also note أصْحَر "of the color of desert sand". |
| غَابَة | forest | (ḡāba) f (plural غَابَات (ḡābāt)). Also "jungle". From the root غ ي ب (ḡ-y-b) "related to absence". Compare غَابَ • (ḡāba) "to be absent". |
Alphabet | ||
| ا ـا | ’alif (a, as in ask) | |
| ب بـ ـبـ ـب | baa' (b, as in bravo) | |
| ت تـ ـتـ ـت | taa' (t, as in tiger) | |
| ث ثـ ـثـ ـث | thaa' (th, as in think) | |
| ج جـ ـجـ ـج | jiim (j, almost as in jeep, but no d sound with it) | |
| ح حـ ـحـ ـح | Haa' (hh, no English--sharp h) | |
| خ خـ ـخـ ـخ | khaa' (KH, pronounced in front of the throat like the J in Spanish) | |
| د ـد | daal (d, as in desk) | |
| ذ ـذ | dhaal (th, as in that) | |
| ر ـر | raa' (r, slightly rolled r sound like the dd as in yadda yadda yadda) | |
| ز ـز | zaay (z, as in zoo) | |
| س سـ ـسـ ـس | siin (s, sit) | |
| ش شـ ـشـ ـش | shiin (sh, as in shine) | |
| ص صـ ـصـ ـص | Saad (ss, as in soul, deeper) | |
| ض ضـ ـضـ ـض | Daad (dd, as in door, deeper) | |
| ط طـ ـطـ ـط | Taa' (tt, as in todo in Spanish, deeper) | |
| ظ ظـ ـظـ ـظ | Zaa (th, as in those, deeper) | |
| ع عـ ـعـ ـع | ayn (3, no English) | |
| غ غـ ـغـ ـغ | ghayn (gh, no English -- sort of like a gurgle or growl) | |
| ف فـ ـفـ ـف | faa' (f, as in friend) | |
| ق قـ ـقـ ـق | qaaf (q, no English -- deeper in throat) | |
| ك كـ ـكـ ـك | kaaf (k, as in king) | |
| ل لـ ـلـ ـل | laam (l, as in love but light flip of the tongue) | |
| م مـ ـمـ ـم | miim (m, as in me) | |
| ن نـ ـنـ ـن | nuun (n, as in now) | |
| ه هـ ـهـ ـه | haa' (h, as in hi) | |
| و ـو | waaw (w, as in we) | |
| ي يـ ـيـ ـي | yaa' (y, as in you) | |
| ء | hamza (glottal stop) | |