| Arabic | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
BAS Countryside | ||
| جِسْر | bridge | (jisr) m (plural أَجْسُر (ʾajsur) or جُسُور (jusūr)). Compare Akkadian (gišru), Classical Syriac ܓܫܪܐ (gešrāʾ), Hebrew גֶּשֶׁר (géšer). |
| مَزْرَعَة | farm | feminine (plural مَزَارِع (mazāriʿ)) |
| تَلّ | hill | (tall) m (plural أَتْلَال (ʾatlāl) or أَتُلّ (ʾatull) or تِلَال (tilāl) or تُلُول (tulūl)). Also "heap of sand, hillock, mound, knob". From Proto-Semitic *tall- (“hill”), from the root ت ل ل (t-l-l). Compare "Tel Aviv" lit. "Hill of Spring". |
| بُحَيْرَة | lake | (buḥayra) f (plural بُحَيْرَات (buḥayrāt) or بَحَائِر (baḥāʾir)). Diminutive of بَحْر (baḥr, “sea”). |
| بَحْر | sea | (baḥr) m (plural بِحَار (biḥār) or بُحُور (buḥūr) or أَبْحَار (ʾabḥār) or أَبْحُر (ʾabḥur)). Also "large river; a noble or great man". From Proto-Semitic *baḥr- (“sea”), from the root ب ح ر (b-ḥ-r) "related to spaciousness" |
| وَرْدَة | rose | (warda) f (singulative, collective وَرْد (ward), plural وُرُود (wurūd)). Compare Hebrew וֶרֶד (véred). Ultimately a Middle Iranian loanword, cognate to Persian گل(gol), and more distantly Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon) and Latin rosa (English rose). |
| شَجَر | tree | (šajar) m (collective, singulative شَجَرَة (šajara), dual شَجَرَتَان (šajaratān), paucal شَجَرَات (šajarāt), plural أَشْجَار (ʾašjār)). Also "shrubs, bushes". From the root ش ج ر (š-j-r) "related to intricacy" |
| جَبَل | mountain | (jabal) m (plural جِبَال (jibāl) or أَجْبَال (ʾajbāl)). Also "mountains. mountains, mountain range". From the root ج ب ل (j-b-l). Compare جَبَلَ • (jabala) "to mold, to form, to shape, to fashion; to knead; to create" |
| نَهْر | river | or نَهَر • (nahr or nahar) m (plural أَنْهَار (ʾanhār) or أَنْهُر (ʾanhur) or نُهُر (nuhur) or نُهْر (nuhr) or نُهُور (nuhūr)). From the root ن ه ر (n-h-r). Compare Akkadian 𒀀𒇉 (nāru), Ugaritic 𐎐𐎅𐎗 (nhr), Aramaic נהרא ܢܲܗܪܵܐ (nahrā), Hebrew נהר (nahar). |
| حَقْل | field | (ḥaql) m (plural حُقُول (ḥuqūl)). Meaning "field (distinguished by there being harvests, no matter if crops or raw materials)". From Proto-Semitic *ḥaql-. |
| صَحْرَاء | desert | (ṣaḥrāʾ) f (dual صَحْرَاوَان (ṣaḥrāwān), plural صَحَارَى (ṣaḥārā) or صَحْرَاوَات (ṣaḥrāwāt) or صَحَارٍ (ṣaḥārin)). From which derives the (redundantly named) "Sahara desert" of North Africa. Also note أصْحَر "of the color of desert sand". |
| غَابَة | forest | (ḡāba) f (plural غَابَات (ḡābāt)). Also "jungle". From the root غ ي ب (ḡ-y-b) "related to absence". Compare غَابَ • (ḡāba) "to be absent". |